FINAL

DISPOSAL

FOR

SPENT

NUCLEAR

FUEL

Karolina Wszoła

M

AIN

POINTS

1.

Radioactive waste classification

2.

Disposals for radioactive waste

3.

Spent nuclear fuel

4.

Geological repository

5.

Types of barriers

6.

Site investigation

7.

Safety

8.

Convincing people to the idea

RADIOACTIVE

WASTE

CLASSIFICATION



Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLRW)

Contaminated protective shoe covers and clothing,
wiping rags, mops, filters, equipment and tools,
radionuclides used in medicine



Medium-Level Waste (MLW)



Transuranic Waste (TRU)



Spent (Used) Nuclear Fuel (SNF)



High-Level Waste (HLW)

DISPOSALS

FOR

RADIOACTIVE

WASTE



Shallow land disposal

Special stability requirements required such as
solidification or stable waste packages.
Not a threat to the inadvertent intruder: exposure
is less than 5 mSv/year. Different classes (A, B, C)
of wastes must be segregated at the site.



More protected disposal

For MLW, TRU

Required bariers



Final disposal

For SNF, HLW

W

HAT

IS

N

UCLEAR

W

ASTE

AND

WHY

IS

IT

IMPORTANT

?

W

HERE

DO

WE

CURRENTLY

STORE

SPENT

NUCLEAR

FUEL

?



Nuclear waste is produced after the fuel is used
up in the nuclear reactor.



The spent nuclear fuel is radioactive and must be
stored properly.



At this point, we store all our spent nuclear fuel
in interim storage.



The storage facility requires constant monitoring
and cooling so we need a permanent solution.

W

HAT

IS

A

GEOLOGICAL

REPOSITORY

?



There is a technology and a system to take care of
all nuclear waste in a safe way.



In order to protect the environment and humans
in the long term, an intention is to build a deep
geological repository for spent nuclear fuel.



Safety and transparency are the prerequisites to
our mission.



A geological repository is an underground storage
facility that utilizes multiple barriers. This will
isolate the spent fuel for at least 100,000 years.



After 100,000 years, the radioactivity will be
insignificant.

M

ETHOD

OF

FINAL

DISPOSAL

-

THE

S

WEDISH

3

BARRIER

SYSTEM

In the final repository several barriers must ensure
that the radioactive substances do not harm people
or the environment

S

ITE

INVESTIGATION

Focus on:



Long-term safety



Impact on the environment



Impact on society

S

AFETY

Heavily researched assuming worst case scenarios
for 100,000 years:



Earthquake



Ice age



Climate changes



Extremely low and contained radioactivity



SNF: absolutely no impact on everyday life

T

RANSPARENT

PROCESS

BASED

ON

VOLUNTARY

PARTICIPATION

AND

RESPECT

FOR

LOCAL

DEMOCRACY

.



Talking to local people



Visits to facilities



Visits to exhibitions



Education



Special investments in the field of energy



New jobs



Further development of laboratories

T

HANK

Y

OU

F

OR

Y

OUR

A

TTENTION

F

EEL

F

REE

T

O

A

SK

Q

UESTIONS