NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

0191E-00ST5048nh

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L’ATLANTIQUE NORD

MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION (MAS)

BUREAU MILITAIRE DE STANDARDISATION (BMS)

1110 BRUSSELS

Tel : [phone]

16 February 2000

MAS/0191-C3/5048

STANAG 5048 C3 (EDITION 5) - THE MINIMUM SCALE OF CONVECTIVITY FOR
COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NATO LAND FORCES

Reference:
MAS/59-5048 dated 28 February 1991 (Edition 3)

1.

The enclosed NATO Standardization Agreement which has been ratified by

nations as reflected in page iii is promulgated herewith.

2.

The reference listed above is to be destroyed in accordance with local

document destruction procedures.

3.

AAP-4 should be amended to reflect the latest status of the STANAG.

4.

For administrative purposes this edition of the STANAG is being issued as

Edition 5 and there will not be an Edition 4 issued.

ACTION BY NATIONAL STAFFS

5.

National staffs are requested to examine page iii of the STANAG and, if they

have not already done so, advise the NHQC3S through their national delegation as
appropriate of their intention regarding its ratification and implementation.

(Original Signed)

A. GRØNHEIM

Major

General,

NOAF

Chairman, MAS

Enclosure:
STANAG 5048 (Edition 5)

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

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STANAG

No.

5048

(Edition 5)

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

(NATO)

MILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION

(MAS)

STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT

(STANAG)

SUBJECT: THE MINIMUM SCALE OF CONVECTIVITY FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR NATO LAND FORCES

Promulgated

on

16

February

2000

(Original signed)

A. GRØNHEIM

Major

General,

NOAF

Chairman, MAS

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

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ii

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

No. Reference/date

of

amendment

Date

entered

Signature

EXPLANATORY NOTES

AGREEMENT

1.

This NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) is promulgated by the Chairman

MAS under the authority vested in him by the NATO Military Committee.

2.

No departure may be made from the agreement without consultation with the tasking

authority. Nations may propose changes at any time to the tasking authority where they will be
processed in the same manner as the original agreement.

3.

Ratifying nations have agreed that national orders, manuals and instructions

implementing this STANAG will include a reference to the STANAG number for purposes of
identification.

DEFINITIONS

4. Ratification is "In NATO Standardization, the fulfilment by which a member nation
formally accepts, with or without reservation, the content of a Standardization Agreement"
(AAP-6).

5. Implementation is "In NATO Standardization, the fulfilment by a member nation of its
obligations as specified in a Standardization Agreement" (AAP-6).

6. Reservation is "In NATO Standardization, the stated qualification by a member nation
that describes the part of a Standardization Agreement that it will not implement or will
implement only with limitations" (AAP-6).

RATIFICATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND RESERVATIONS

7.

Page iii gives the details of ratification and implementation of this agreement. If no

details are shown it signifies that the nation has not yet notified the tasking authority of its
intentions. Page iv (and subsequent) gives details of reservations and proprietary rights that
have been stated.

FEEDBACK
8.

Any comments concerning this publication should be directed to NATO/MAS -

Bvd Leopold III - 1110 Brussels - BE.

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1

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENT

(STANAG)

THE MINIMUM SCALE OF CONNECTIVITY FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) FOR NATO LAND FORCES

ANNEXES:

A.

Minimum Scale of CIS Connectivity Required for

Command and Control of a Corps, Division, and

Brigade

B.

Minimum Scale of CIS Connectivity Required for Land
Force Fire Support

C.

Minimum Scale of CIS Connectivity Required for Land
Force Logistics Support

D.

Minimum Scale of CIS Connectivity Required for Land
Force Air Defence

E.

Minimum Scale of CIS Connectivity Required for Army
Aviation

F.

Minimum Scale of CIS Connectivity Required for
Engineer Operations

G.

Minimum Scale of Tactical Area Communications
Systems Connectivity

H.

Levels of CIS Interconnection

I. Glossary

J. Related

Documents

RELATED DOCUMENTS:

See Annex J

AIM

1.

The aim of this agreement is to identify the minimum scale of CIS connectivity
required to ensure effective consultation, coordination, and command and
control (C2) of deployed tactical NATO land forces.

AGREEMENT

2.

Participating nations agree that their land forces assigned to NATO will adopt
the principles and procedures for establishing CIS connectivity and
interoperability to the minimum scales established herein.

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PRINCIPLES

3.

Fully capable CIS connectivity is required to exchange C2 information and
coordinating instructions on the battlefield

i

between superior and subordinate headquarters at all levels,

i

between the headquarters of a unit being supported and the supporting
unit, and

i

between adjacent formations on the battlefield.

4.

The responsibility for providing the required connectivity is governed by the
general principles of

i

higher formation to lower formation,

i

supporting formation to supported formation, and

i

left formation to right formation.

5.

The technical means of achieving the necessary level of interoperable
connectivity between dissimilar CIS are prescribed in appropriate technical
and procedural STANAGs.

6.

CIS employed for C2 of NATO land forces must accommodate strategic and
tactical mobility requirements of those forces.

7.

Secure CIS connectivity should be provided to the maximum extent possible,
with the NATO SECRET level desired.

MILITARY STRUCTURE

8.

Minimum CIS connectivity for NATO land forces are based upon a force
military structure of:

i

Major NATO Commands (MNCs), Major Subordinate Commands
(MSCs), and Principal Subordinate Commands (PSCs)

i

Reaction Forces (RFs) that include:

x

Immediate Reaction Force (Land) comprised of the Allied

Command Europe (ACE) Mobile Force (Land), or AMF(L)

x

ACE Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), consisting of National,
Framework, and Multinational Divisions

i

Main Defence Forces (MDFs), comprised of:

x

National forces placed under the command of NATO

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x

Non-NATO formations, such as Eurocorps, and forces from
non-NATO nations

x

National, framework, or multinational formations, which may
incorporate subordinate elements of several nations from time to
time

i

Augmentation Forces (AFs), consisting primarily of national
formations, that may augment or be augmented by elements of another
nation

i

Ad hoc task force headquarters may be formed to exercise C2 over joint
or combined formations as outlined in the Combined Joint Task Force
(CJTF) CIS Plan issued under AC/322/SEC/33; these headquarters
normally report to appropriate MNCs, MSCs, or PSCs.

9.

NATO land forces may be assigned missions of

i

conflict prevention, including

x

deterrence and

x

peacekeeping;

i

crisis management, including

x

deterrence,

x

peacekeeping,

x

peacemaking, and

x

peace enforcement;

i

conflict, including

x

peacemaking,

x

peace enforcement,

x

defensive operations, and

x

offensive operations.

9.

NATO land forces may be deployed either within the NATO area or
immediately outside the NATO area. Deployment outside the NATO area
may also involve non-NATO agencies or military forces.

ESSENTIAL CONNECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS

11.

MC 277/2 and MC 337 define operational requirements and an overall
communications architecture as a basis for planning interoperable tactical area
communications systems (TACS) including NATO owned Combat Zone
Communications Systems that are to be used to support NATO Land
Operations for formations up to and including Corps level of command in the

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pre-2000 and post-2000 eras, respectively. Given this as a template, CIS
connectivity for exchange of C2 information is required at all echelons down
to battalion level; it may also be required at company, squadron, and battery
levels when the mission dictates. The required connectivity will be provided
by

i

linking of TACS networks,

i

establishing direct communications links between headquarters, or

i

using combat net radio nets.

12.

CIS connectivity between land force headquarters is required for coordination
of fire support, logistics, land force air defence, Army aviation, engineer
support, C2 support, and reconnaissance.

13.

In a NATO tasked deployment, the highest level of national or multinational
tactical command, normally corps level, will be provided with secure access to
the common user NICS for exchange of voice, message and data information.
Connectivity to those host nation civil and military authorities essential to
mission accomplishment will also be provided.

14.

Land forces may need to provide, install, and maintain CIS connectivity with
NATO naval or air forces, national territorial forces not assigned to NATO,
non-NATO forces, or other governmental entities not specifically covered in
this STANAG. Such connectivity will be specified in reciprocal agreements as
appropriate.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PROVISION OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

NATO C

ONNECTIVITY

15.

NATO is responsible for the extension of secure CIS connectivity to the
highest level of national or multinational tactical command in a theater of
operations.

C

ORPS AND

B

ELOW

16.

Connectivity between forces is to be provided from superior to subordinate,
from supported to supporting, and from left to right (clockwise to adjacent
unit) unless otherwise directed by superior authority. When both forces have
compatible CIS equipment, each may provide its own termination. Where a
common-user TACS is employed, the TACS should connect to all military
units within the area of its geographical coverage, be used for lateral
connectivity, and provide CIS connectivity to supporting units.

i

National Corps and Divisions.

Nations are generally responsible for

the provision of their own internal CIS connectivity. The CIS

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5

connectivity to the highest level of command of all assigned, attached,
and supporting elements from other nations is a NATO responsibility.

i

Framework Corps and Divisions.

The nation charged with

establishing the framework for the corps or division is generally
responsible for providing CIS connectivity. The CIS connectivity to the
highest level of national or multinational command of all assigned,
attached, and supporting elements is a NATO responsibility.

i

Multinational Corps and Divisions.

Participating nations are

responsible for providing internal CIS connectivity to the minimum
levels specified below in accordance with established agreements.

L

IAISON

T

EAMS

17.

The parent force is responsible for ensuring that CIS connectivity is provided
to all liaison teams. Common user TACS are used whenever possible to
provide connectivity back to the parent organization. However, the parent
force may need to extend TACS to its liaison teams, or employ single channel
combat net radio (CNR) or tactical satellite communications (TACSATCOM)
to achieve the necessary connectivity. CIS resources for liaison teams must
conform to operational and security practices of the receiving force. Where
CIS connectivity from the parent force to its liaison team is established
through an interface with the receiving force’s TACS, the receiving force is
responsible for providing the liaison team access to its system. The receiving
force may also be required to provide terminal equipment. Details of CIS
connectivity and liaison team training should be coordinated between the
responsible headquarters in advance.

MINIMUM SCALE OF CONNECTIVITY

General

18.

The minimum scales of CIS connectivity that are to be provided are listed in
the following paragraphs and depicted in Annexes A to G of this STANAG.
The terminology portrayed in the annexes is representative of the functional
organizations at the indicated command levels and may not necessarily be the
same as that used by individual nations.

19.

Conventional chains of command may not necessarily apply. For example, a
brigade may be directly under command of a corps and a battalion or
squadron may be directly under command of a division. Requirements are
similar for national, framework, or multinational corps and divisions, and for
airborne, armor, infantry, or mechanized forces.

20.

The scale of CIS connectivity outlined in MC 277/2 is desired. However
nations may not be capable of satisfying all of the stated requirements or the

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6

requirements may not be relevant to the mission assigned. Nonetheless, the
principles of connectivity contained in MC 277/2, STANAG 2101, and ATP 35
should be taken into account.

21.

Connectivity among land forces with different TACS will normally be through
NATO multichannel digital gateways in accordance with the provisions of
STANAGs 4206 to 4213, 4249, and 4290, as appropriate. The provisions of
STANAG 4214 for inter-network routing also apply. When digital
connectivity is not possible between TACS, digital to analog interfaces should
be established in accordance with the provisions of either STANAG 5040 or
5018.

22.

All levels of command need to be able to exchange coordinating information
with indigenous (host nation) territorial commands, local defence forces, other
government entities, and non-governmental agencies. The communications
requirements will vary with the mission assigned to the NATO land forces
and the location of their deployments. As a minimum, a voice circuit is
required from one corps command post to the appropriate local official.
Wherever possible, existing communications systems should be used. Host
nations should permit access at the nearest suitable public or military
communications facility. If not contrary to existing host nation agreements,
deploying forces are responsible for the link to the indigenous
communications facility.

Protection of Sensitive Information

23.

Secure CIS connectivity for protection of sensitive information should be
provided to the maximum extent possible. When secure CIS is provided
within a nation’s forces, secure connectivity should be provided down to
national boundaries for interface purposes. Framework divisions will
normally extend secure CIS connectivity to the highest level of national or
multinational command of all assigned, attached, and supporting elements.
Secure CIS connectivity in multinational divisions will be in accordance with
all established agreements.

TACTICAL AREA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

Corps

24.

When establishing its TACS network, a corps should extend connectivity to
the highest level of national or multinational command of all forces operating
within its geographical area including all assigned, attached, and supporting
elements, and to the adjacent corps on its right, if applicable. Assigned and
attached divisions should be connected to the TACS network with at least two
trunk groups consisting of 12 or more digital channels with a capacity of 16

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kilobits per second (kbps) each. Interconnection should be made at two
different communications facilities or at main and rear command posts.
Depending on unit size, mission, and location, corps support troops (e.g. fire
support, logistics, air defence, army aviation, and engineer) should be
connected to the TACS network with a minimum of two and a maximum of
six digital trunks or subscriber circuits with a capacity of 16 kbps each, or
mobile subscriber radio access terminals. If another force is adjacent on the
right, and terrain and distance allow, the TACS network should be connected
to the adjacent force with at least one digital trunk group consisting of 12
digital channels with a capacity of 16 kbps each. If terrain and distance do not
allow interface of TACS, NATO must make NICS connectivity available for
passing coordinating information between adjacent corps.

Division

25.

When establishing its TACS network, a division should extend connectivity to
the highest level of national or multinational command of all forces operating
within its geographical area including all assigned, attached, and supporting
elements, and to the adjacent division on its right, if applicable. Assigned and
attached brigades should be connected to the TACS network with at least two
trunk groups consisting of 12 digital channels with a capacity of 16 kbps each.
Interconnection should be made at two different communications facilities or
at main and rear command posts. Division support troops (e.g. fire support,
logistics, air defence, army aviation, and engineer) should be connected to the
TACS network with a minimum of one and a maximum of four digital trunks
or subscriber circuits with a capacity of 16 kbps each, or mobile radio access
terminals. If another force is adjacent on the right, and terrain and distance
allow, the TACS network to should be connected to the adjacent force with at
least one digital trunk group consisting of 12 digital channels with a capacity
of 16 kbps each. If terrain and distance do not allow interface of division
TACS, the corps must make its TACS connectivity available for passing
coordinating information between adjacent divisions.

Between Automatic and Manual Switched Networks

26.

Connectivity between automatic and manual TACS networks should only be
established when absolutely essential. That connectivity should be configured
to minimize requirements for operator intervention on the automatic network.

Redundancy

27.

Where more than one TACS interconnection is provided, they should be
implemented in a redundant manner to preclude a fault in one path causing a
loss of connectivity. The redundant interconnections should be terminated in
different communications facilities or headquarters as appropriate.

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8

S

INGLE

C

HANNEL

C

OMBAT

N

ET

R

ADIO

(CNR) S

YSTEMS

28.

Single channel CNR systems, which are comprised of high frequency (HF),
very high frequency (VHF), and ultra high frequency (UHF) radio systems are
capable of satisfying essential CIS connectivity requirements as a primary
means at lower echelons of a division and as a secondary means where terrain,
distance, or mobility requirements preclude reliance on TACS. Only those
requirements that are applicable in a particular situation, and have not been
satisfied by another means need to be implemented.

HF CNR

29.

HF CNR is normally employed within a corps for voice and data
communications over extended range. Compatible communications security
should be arranged, if possible. Where available, HF radio teletype (RATT) or
burst data may be used to exchange secure messages. For greater discussion
of the use of the HF band refer to AC/322-WP/20, a policy paper which states
the need for NATO Land, Air and Maritime Forces to adopt common HF
standards in support of NATO operations.

VHF CNR

30.

Because of its limited range, VHF CNR is primarily employed at lower
echelons within divisions and between adjacent brigades and battalions.
Links may be installed using the CNR Interface Adapter Device (IAD) in
accordance with either STANAG 4448 or 4449. Forces should make all
necessary provisions for secure voice communications over VHF CNR
including exchanging communications security and hailing procedures,
employing retransmission facilities, and establishing separate CNR nets, if
required. For data transmission over VHF CNR, tactical Internet overlays
should be employed.

UHF CNR

31.

UHF CNR is normally employed within the corps only for voice
communications between army aviation units. Compatible communications
security should be arranged.

T

ACTICAL

S

ATELLITE

32.

When deployed outside NATO area, the highest level of national or
multinational corps or joint task force are normally provided NATO single
channel UHF or SHF TACSATCOM terminals, and transportable SHF
multichannel TACSATCOM terminals to provide CIS connectivity with the
appropriate MNC, MSC or PSC. National UHF/SHF single- or SHF

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9

multichannel TACSATCOM terminals may be employed to provide CIS
connectivity over extended distances. With approval of appropriate
authorities, NATO-owned space segments may be allocated to national
TACSATCOM systems being used by deployed land forces, as laid down in
AC/317-D/62.

M

ULTIFUNCTIONAL

I

NFORMATION

D

ISTRIBUTION

S

YSTEM

(MIDS)

33.

MIDS provides various air, maritime, and land platforms the ability to
exchange information in a tactical environment. For land forces, it is normally
employed to provide connectivity between NATO Airborne Early Warning
(NAEW) aircraft and land force air defence elements. Army aircraft that are
equipped with MIDS will exchange position and target data with the NAEW
aircraft. A more comprehensive description of MIDS can be found in
STANAG 4175.

CIS T

ERMINALS

34.

CIS terminal equipment includes TACS voice terminals, facsimile (FAX)
terminals, and data terminals.

TACS Voice Terminals

35.

Digital secure voice terminals should be employed at brigade and higher
headquarters. Digital nonsecure voices terminals may be connected to circuits
that are bulk encrypted or physically secured for exchange of NATO classified
information. When compatible levels of security cannot be provided,
measures to control access to secure networks from unsecured voice terminals
should be implemented to prevent unauthorised disclosure of NATO
classified information.

FAX Terminals

36.

Secure FAX terminals should be employed where C2 systems are not
interoperable at brigade and higher headquarters to exchange maps, overlays,
and orders over TACS.

Data Terminals

37.

Data terminals used to exchange essential C2 information between forces on
the battlefield should be interconnected to at least level 4, as outlined in
Annex H.

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38.

Until interfaces are developed for C2 information exchange between corps
and the NATO Command and Control Information System at MNC, MSC,
PSC, and TF, NATO terminals will be provided to corps.

39.

Within corps and divisions, data terminals for exchange of C2, reconnaissance,
fire support, logistics, and land force air defence information will be
employed. Interoperable systems should be connected directly or through
interface adapter devices. If systems cannot be interconnected to level 4, the
corps or division should provide data terminals to the highest level of national
or multinational command of all assigned, attached, and supporting elements
to achieve level 3 connectivity, or exchange liaison in accordance with
STANAG 2101 to achieve level 2. Greater definition of Levels of Connectivity
are found in Annex H.

COMMUNICATIONS PROCEDURES

40.

Procedures for establishing and maintaining CIS connectivity should be in
accordance with Allied Publications and their NATO supplements. Allocation
of frequencies, provision of CIS instructions, and exchange of communications
security should follow the principles of higher-to-lower, supporting to
supported, and left-to-right, and be in accordance with MC 277/2. Under the
situations referred to at paragraph 11, national procedures may be adopted.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT

41.

This STANAG is considered implemented when a nation has the equipment
and resources available to adopt the principles and procedures outlined for
establishing CIS connectivity and has reflected the adoption in their relevant
documents.

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ANNEX A TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

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A - 1

MINIMUM SCALE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) CONNECTIVITY REQUIRED FOR

COMMAND AND CONTROL (C2) OF A CORPS, DIVISION, AND BRIGADE

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential CIS connectivity required for C2
down to the battalion level.

2.

ABOVE CORPS. The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS) provides
primary voice, data and fax connectivity, while NATO tactical satellite
communications (TACSATCOM) or high frequency combat net radio (HF CNR)
provides additional connectivity, as required. NATO secure voice terminals, NATO
and national digital facsimile, and NATO C2 information system (CCIS) terminals
are employed in providing that connectivity. Measures should be taken to achieve
at least level 4 interconnection between national corps and NATO CCISs.

3.

CORPS TO ADJACENT CORPS OR DIVISION. The Corps Tactical Area
Communications System (TACS) provides primary voice, data, and fax connectivity,
while HF CNF provides secondary connectivity. Digital secure voice terminals,
digital facsimile, and national CCIS terminals are employed in providing that
connectivity. Measures should be taken to achieve at least level 4 interconnection
between national corps CCIS.

4.

CORPS TO HOST NATION. The corps TACS should be interconnected with host
nations communications systems to provide primary voice connectivity. Digital
secure voice terminals should be employed, where possible.

5.

CORPS AND BELOW. Corps and division TACS provide primary voice, data, and
fax connectivity down to the brigade level. Secondary connectivity is provided by
HF CNR in the corps and very high frequency (VHF) CNR in the division. Digital
secure voice terminals, digital facsimile, and national CCIS terminals are employed
in providing that connectivity. Measures should be taken to achieve at least level 4
interconnection between national corps CCIS. Below the brigade level, VHF CNR
provides the primary voice connectivity, or if geographical dispersion prevents
connectivity, alternate communications links are provided using HF or TACSAT. If
CCIS terminals are fielded for elements below the brigade level, VHF CNR provides
the primary connectivity

.

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A - 2

Major Nato Command/Major Subordinate
Command/Principal Subordinate Command/
Task Force

Corps

Division/Command

Brigade/Regiment/Group

Battalion/Squadron

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR COMMAND AND CONTROL

MNC / MSC / PSC / TF

XX

XXX

XXX

XX

XX

X

X

X

II

II

II

VDF

VDF

V

VDF

VDF

VDF

VDF

VDF

VD

VT

VT

VT

V

V

V

V

VDF

VDF

V

V

V

V

VDF

V

V

V

V

VDF

V

V

V

V

V

NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

Host nation communications system

Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

High Frequency (HF) Combat Net Radio (CNR)

Very High Frequency (VHF) CNR

Tactical Satellite Communications (TACSATCOM)

Integrated Data System (IDS)

Voice

Data

Facsimile

Text/Teletype

V

D

F

T

HOST

NATION

V

MNC/MSC/

PSC/TF

XXX

XX

X

II

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ANNEX B TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

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B - 1

MINIMUM SCALE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) CONNECTIVITY FOR

LAND FORCE FIRE SUPPORT

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential CIS connectivity required for fire
support down to forward observer level.

2.

ABOVE CORPS.

The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

provides primary voice, data, and fax connectivity to the Combined Air
Operations Center (CAOC) and Air Operations Coordination Center
(AOCC). Additional connectivity is provided by NATO or national tactical
satellite communications (TACSATCOM), as required. NATO secure voice
terminals, NATO and national digital facsimile, and NATO Command and
Control Information System (CCIS) terminals are used to provide that
connectivity. Measures should be taken to achieve at least level 4
interconnection between national corps fire support C2 systems (FSC2S) and
NATO CCIS.

3.

CORPS AND BELOW.

Corps and division TACS provide primary voice,

data, and fax connectivity down to the brigade level, while HF CNR provides
secondary connectivity in the corps and very high frequency (VHF) CNR in
the division. Digital secure voice terminals, digital facsimile, and national
FSC2S terminals are used to provide that connectivity. Measures should be
taken to achieve at least level 4 interconnection between national corps FSC2S.
Below the Fire Direction Center (FDC) level, VHF CNR provides primary
voice and data connectivity.

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B - 2

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR LAND FORCE FIRE SUPPORT

CAOC

AOCC

FDC

FDC

FSCC

FSCC

FSCC

FDC

FDC

FIST

FO

FO

FO

XXX

XX

X

X

II

II

VDF

VDF

VDF

V

VD

V

V

VD

VD

VD

V

VD

VD

VD

VD

VD

VD

VD

LEGEND

NAT O Integrated Communications System (NICS)

Host nation communications system
Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

High Frequency (HF) Combat Net Radio (CNR)

Very High Frequency (VHF) CNR

Tactical Satellite Communications (T ACSATCOM)

Voice

Data

Facsimile

V
D

F

VD

CAOC

AOCC

FSCC

FDC

FIST

Combined Air Operations Center
Air Operations Coordination Center
Fire Support Coordination Center

Fire Direction Center
Fire Support Team

Forward Observer

FO

VDF

VDF

VD

VD

VD

II

XXX

XX

X

II

Corps
Division
Brigade/Regiment/Group
Battalion/Squadron
Platoon

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ANNEX C TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

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C - 1

MINIMUM SCALE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) CONNECTIVITY FOR

LAND FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential CIS connectivity required for
land force logistics support down to the battalion level.

2.

ABOVE CORPS.

The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

provides primary voice, data, and fax connectivity to the Major NATO
Command (MNC), Major Subordinate Command (MSC), Principal
Subordinate Command (PSC), and Task Force (TF) levels. Additional
connectivity is provided by NATO or national tactical satellite
communications (TACSATCOM), as required. NATO secure voice terminals,
NATO and national digital facsimile, and NATO Command and Control
Information System (CCIS) terminals are used to provide that connectivity.
Measures should be taken to achieve at least level 4 interconnection between
national corps logistics information systems and NATO CCIS. The NICS also
provides voice and text or teletype connectivity between the MNC, MSC,
PSC, TF and national logistics authorities.

3.

CORPS AND BELOW.

Corps and division TACS provide primary voice,

data, and fax connectivity down to the battalion level. Secondary
connectivity is provided by HF CNR in the corps and very high frequency
(VHF) CNR in the division. Digital secure voice terminals, digital facsimile,
and national logistics information system terminals are employed in
providing that connectivity. Measures should be taken to achieve at least
level 4 interconnection between national corps logistics information systems.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

C - 2

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR LAND FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT

NATION

NATION

XXX

XX

X

II

MNC / MSC / PSC / TF

II

III

VT

VT

VT

VT

VDF

VDF

VT

VD

V

V

VD

VD

V

LEGEND

NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

Host Nation Communications System

Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

High Frequency (HF) Combat Net Radio (CNR)

Very High Frequency (VHF) Combat net Radio (CNR)

D

V

F

T

Voice

Data

Facsimile

Text/Teletype

VDF

VD

V

XXX

XX

X

II

Corps

Division

Brigade/Regiment/Group

Battalion/Squadron

Major Nato Command/Major Subordinate
Command/Principal Subordinate Command
Task Force

MNC/MSC/

PSC/TF

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

C - 3

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR LAND FORCE LOGISTICS SUPPORT

NATION

NATION

XXX

XX

X

II

MNC / MSC / PSC / TF

II

III

VT

VT

VT

VT

VDF

VDF

VT

VD

V

V

VD

VD

V

LEGEND

NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

Host Nation Communications System

Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

High Frequency (HF) Combat Net Radio (CNR)

Very High Frequency (VHF) Combat net Radio (CNR)

D

V

F

T

Voice

Data

Facsimile

Text/Teletype

VDF

VD

V

XXX

XX

X

II

Corps

Division

Brigade/Regiment/Group

Battalion/Squadron

Major Nato Command/Major Subordinate
Command/Principal Subordinate Command
Task Force

MNC/MSC/

PSC/TF

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

D - 1

ANNEX D TO

STANAG 5048

(Edition 5)

MINIMUM SCALE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) CONNECTIVITY FOR

LAND FORCE AIR DEFENCE

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential CIS connectivity required for
land force air defence down to the battery level.

2.

ABOVE CORPS.

The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

provides primary voice, data, and fax connectivity to the Combined Air
Operations Center (CAOC) and Air Operations Coordination Center
(AOCC). Additional connectivity is provided by NATO or national tactical
satellite communications (TACSATCOM), as required. NATO secure voice
terminals, NATO and national digital facsimile, and NATO and national air
defence control system terminals are used in providing that connectivity.
Measures should be taken to achieve at least level 4 interconnection between
national corps air defence control systems (ADCS) and NATO air defence
control systems. The multifunctional information distribution system (MIDS)
provides transfer of air defence data between the NATO Airborne Early
Warning (NAEW) aircraft and land force ADCS.

3.

CORPS AND BELOW.

Corps and Division TACS provide primary voice,

data, and fax connectivity down to the battery level. Secondary connectivity
is provided by HF CNR above the battalion level and very high frequency
(VHF) CNR below the battalion level. Digital secure voice terminals, digital
facsimile, and national ADCS terminals are used to provide that connectivity.
Measures should be taken to achieve at least level 4 interconnection between
national ADCS.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

D - 2

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR LAND FORCE AIR DEFENCE

ACC

AOCC

XXX

XX

II

X

II

II

I

I

ADE

LEGEND

VD

VDF

VD

VDF

VDF

V

VDF

V

VD

V

VD

V

VD

V

V

VD

V

V

VD

VD

VD

V

V

V

VD

VD

NAEW

D

D

D

D

NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS)

High Frequency (HF) CNR

Very High Frequency (VHF) Combat net Radio (CNR)

Voice

V

Data

F

D

Facsimile

NATO Tactical Satellite Communications (TACSATCOM)

CAOC

AOCC

Combined Air Operations Center

Air Operations Coordination Center

NAEW

ACC

Nato Airborne Early Warning Aircraft

Air Control Center

ADE Air Defence Element

XXX

XX

X

II

Corps

Division

Brigade/Regiment/Group

Battalion

CAOC

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX E TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

E - 1

MINIMUM SCALE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) CONNECTIVITY FOR

ARMY AVIATION

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential CIS connectivity required for
army aviation down to the flight level.

2.

ABOVE CORPS.

The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

provide primary voice and fax connectivity to the Combined Air Operations
Center (CAOC) and Air Operations Coordination Center (AOCC).
Additional connectivity is provided by NATO or national tactical satellite
communications (TACSATCOM), as required. NATO secure voice terminals
and NATO and national digital facsimile terminals are used to provide that
connectivity. Very high frequency (VHF) CNR provides voice connectivity
and the multifunctional information distribution system (MIDS) provide data
exchange between the NATO Airborne Early Warning (NAEW) aircraft and
army aviation elements.

3.

CORPS AND BELOW.

Corps and division TACS provide primary voice and

fax connectivity down to the battalion level. Digital secure voice terminals
and digital facsimile terminals are used to provide that connectivity.
Secondary connectivity is provided by HF CNR above the battalion level,
while VHF CNR provides primary connectivity below the battalion level.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

E - 2

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR ARMY AVIATION

XXX

X/III

II

II

III

I

I

CAOC

NAEW

AOCC

V

VF

VF

VF

V

VF

V

VF

V

V

VF

V

V V

VD

V

VF

D

VF

V

D*

VF

VF

V

V

V

Air Operations Coordination Center

LEGEND

With MIDS equipped aircraft

*

NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

Multifunctional Information Distribution Systemn (MIDS)

High Frequency (HF) Combat Net Radio (CNR)

Very High Frequency (VHF) CNR

Ultra High Frequency (UHF) CNR

V

D

Voice

Data

Facsimile

F

Combined Air Operations Center

AOCC

NAEW

Nato Arborne Early Warning Aircraft

AAE

Army Aviation Element

XXX

Platoon

X/III

Corps

Brigade/Regiment/Group
Company/Troop

I

CAOC

AAE

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX F TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

F - 1

MINIMUM SCALE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS) CONNECTIVITY FOR

ENGINEER OPERATIONS

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential CIS connectivity required for
engineers down to the battalion level.

2.

ABOVE CORPS.

The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

provide primary voice and fax connectivity to the Major NATO Command,
Major Subordinate Command, Principal Subordinate Command, and Task
Force levels. Additional connectivity is provided by NATO or national
tactical satellite communications (TACSATCOM), as required. NATO secure
voice terminals and NATO and national digital facsimile terminals are used to
provide that connectivity. Host nation communications systems provide
voice and facsimile connectivity to appropriate host nation military or public
works authorities.

3.

CORPS AND BELOW.

Corps and division TACS provide primary voice and

fax connectivity down to the battalion level. Digital secure voice terminals
and digital facsimile terminals are used to provide that connectivity.
Secondary connectivity is provided by HF CNR. In addition, corps and
division TACS should be extended to host nation engineer units, if possible,
or interconnection made between TACS and host nation communications
systems.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

F - 2

MINIMUM SCALE OF CIS CONNECTIVITY

FOR ENGINEERS

HOST

NATION

MNC / MSC / PSC / TF

X/III

II

II

III

III

XXX

VF

VFT

VF

VFT

VF

V

VF

V

VF

V

HOST

NATION

VF

VF

V

V

HOST

NATION

V

VF

VF

V

VF

LEGEND

Tactical Area Communications System (TACS)

NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

High Frequency (HF) Combat Net Radio (CNR)

V

F

Voice

Facsimile

Host Nation Communications System

VFT

T

Text/Teletype

V

VF

Major Nato Command/Major Subordinate
Command/Principal Subordinate Command
Task Force

MNC/MSC/

PSC/TF

Corps

Division

Brigade/Regiment/Group

Battalion/Squadron

XXX

XX

X/III

II

II

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX G TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

G - 1

MINIMUM SCALE OF TACTICAL AREA COMMUNICATIONS

SYSTEMS (TACS) CONNECTIVITY

1.

The associated diagram depicts the essential TACS connectivity required
down to the brigade and separate battalion levels.

2.

ABOVE CORPS.

The NATO Integrated Communications System (NICS)

provides primary connectivity from the Major NATO Command, Major
Subordinate Command, Principal Subordinate Command, and Task Force
levels to the corps. Connectivity through two TACS nodes or command posts
provide redundant connectivity.

3.

CORPS.

Corps should extend TACS connectivity to all assigned, attached,

and supporting elements. Assigned and attached divisions should be
connected with at least two trunk groups to two different communications
facilities or command posts. Depending on unit size, mission, and location,
corps support troops (e.g. fire support, engineer, air defence, army aviation,
and logistics) should be connected to the corps TACS network with digital
trunks, subscriber circuits, or mobile subscriber radio access terminals. If
applicable, and terrain and distance allow, the adjacent corps to the right
should be connected to the corps TACS network. If terrain and distance do
not allow an interface of TACS, the necessary connectivity should be via
NICS.

4.

DIVISION.

Divisions should extend TACS connectivity to all assigned,

attached, and supporting elements. Assigned and attached Brigades should
be connected with at least two trunk groups to two different communications
facilities or command posts. Division support troops (e.g. fire support,
engineer, air defence, army aviation, and logistics) should be connected to the
division TACS network with digital trunks, subscriber circuits, or mobile
radio access terminals. If applicable, and terrain and distance allow, the
adjacent division to the right should be connected to the division TACS
network. If terrain and distance do not allow interface of TACS, the necessary
connectivity should be via the corps TACS.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

G - 2

A/D

X

XXX

XX

X

II

X

X

XX

X

MINIMUM SCALE OF TACS CONNECTIVITY

ADJACENT

CORPS

ADJACENT

DIVISION

Inter-Nodal

Trunk

Connecting Trunk

Access

Circuit

Mobile Subscriber Radio Access

Analog-Digital Interface

D

Headquarters

Communications Node

Digital Gateway

X

E

X
X

X
X

X
X
X

A/D

A/D

LEGEND

Corps

Division

Brogade/Regiment/Group

Battalion/Squadron

XXX

XX

X

II

A/D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

NATO Integrated Communications System

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX H TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

H - 1

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS)

INTERCONNECTION

1.

APP-10 (Draft), NATO Interoperability Planning Document, formerly
AC/259-D/1274 (Revised) AC/317-D/33 CNAD/NACISC, dated 1
January 1993, attached to the NATO Interoperability Management Plan
(NIMP) , Second Edition, 1988, established six levels of interconnection for
NATO CIS systems. Those levels are described below.

2.

LEVEL 1.

Level 1 interconnection is for systems closed to each other

(either as a result of an operational decision, or as a result of a technical
constraint), which require, to interoperate, a human interface and an
associated off-line communications system with commonly accepted
procedures. Level 1 is mainly applied to facilities that have no
information systems. In other words, level 1 is achieved when neither
nation has granted system access to the other nation. Instead, a separate
CIS link, (which can be defined as no direct link, but other means used) is
established to exchange critical command and control (C2) information.

3.

LEVEL 2.

Level 2 interconnection is for systems closed to each other

(either as a result of an operational decision or a technical constraint),
which require, to interoperate, a human interface belonging to each of the
two systems. In other words, level 2 is achieved when liaison
detachments, each with access to their parent CIS system, are exchanged.

4.

LEVEL 3.

Level 3 interconnection is for systems closed to each other

(either as a result of an operational decision or a technical constraint),
which require, to interoperate, a human interface with commonly accepted
procedures. In other words, level 3 is achieved when each nation grants
access to personnel and a CIS terminal is extended to the other nation, but
the C2 systems are not directly linked.

5.

LEVEL 4.

Level 4 interconnection is for two systems which are open to

each other, but have predetermined and fixed technical access constraints
on the extent of the access by each system to the other. In other words
level 4 is achieved when the two C2 systems are linked through a physical
interface that imposes restrictions on the access to information.

6.

LEVEL 5.

Level 5 interconnection is for systems which are open to each

other, conform to the minimum standards for information definition and
transfer such that there are no fixed constraints on the extent of access by
users of one system to the other, but dynamic constraints are applied to
each system in accordance with the current operational situation, such that
only a user-defined subset of the total information base of one system is
available to the other. In other words, level 5 is achieved when the two

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX H TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

H - 2

C2 systems are directly linked with operator-defined restrictions on the
access to information.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

H - 3

7.

LEVEL 6.

Level 6 interconnection is for systems which are open to each

other, conform to the minimum standards for information definition and
transfer, and for which there are no fixed constraints on the extent of
access by users of one system to the other; the two systems appear to the
users to be a single system. It is likely that such situations will only apply
to two systems within a single command, or between two systems of a
single nation. In other words, level 6 is achieved when the two C2 systems
are linked through a physical interface with no restrictions on the access to
information.

Note:

The APP-10 should be read in conjunction with this annex.

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

H - 4

LEVELS OF CIS INTERCONNECTION

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

A

B

ACCESS

ACCESS

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

B

ACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESS

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

H - 5

LEVEL 4

LEVEL 5

LEVEL 6

A

B

A

B

A

B

Physical interface imposes

predetermined restrictions

on access to information

Operator defined restriction on
access to information by users

Operator defined restriction on
access to information by users

Full interoperability

ACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESS

ACCESS

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX I TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

I - 1

GLOSSARY

AAE

Army Aviation Element

ACC

Air Control Center

ACE

Allied Command Europe

ADE

Air Defence Element

AF Augmentation

Forces

AMF(L)

ACE Mobile Force (Land)

AOCC

Air Operation Control Center

ARRC

ACE Rapid Reaction Corps

CAOC

Combined Air Operations Center

CIS

Communications and Information Systems

CNR

Combat Net Radio

COMSEC

Communications Security

CZCS

Combat Zone Communications System

FAX Facsimile

FDC

Fire Direction Center

FIST

Fire Support Team

FO Forward

Observer

FSCC

Fire Support Operations Center

HF

High Frequency

IAD

Interface Adapter Device

kbps

kilobits per second

MDF

Main Defense Force

MIDS

Multifunctional Information Distribution System

MNC

Major NATO Command

MSC

Major Subordinate Command

NAEW

NATO Airborne Early Warning

NICS

NATO Integrated Communications System

PSC

Principal Subordinate Command

RATT

Radio Teletype

SOPs

Standard Operating Procedures

TACS

Tactical Area Communications System

TACSATCOM

Tactical Satellite Communications

TF Task

Force

UHF

Ultra High Frequency

VHF

Very High Frequency

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

ANNEX J TO

STANAG 5048

Edition 5

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

J - 1

RELATED DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENT TITLE DATE

AC/322/SEC/
33

Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) CIS Plan

28 Feb 97

AC/322-WP/
20

NATO HF Communications: The Need for a Common
Standard for Use by Maritime, Air and Land Forces

13 Mar 97

ADSIA-RCM-
D/4

Interim Joint Tactical Information Distribution System,
Fourth Revise

Feb 90

ADSIA-RCM-
D/5

Implementation Document, Final Revise

Sep 90

ADSIA-RCM-
D/6

Standing Operating Procedures

Jan 94

APP-10(Draft),
AC/259-D/
1274(Revised)
AC/317-D/33
CNAD
NACISC

NATO Interoperability Planning Document, formerly an
attachment to NATO Interoperability Management Plan
(NIMP) , Second Edition, 1988

May 97

ATP-35

Land Force Tactical Doctrine

Sep 83

MC 277/2

Operational Requirements for the Interoperability of
Communications Systems used by Combat Forces of
NATO Nations in the Pre-2000 Period

MC 317

NATO Force Structures for the Mid 1990s and Beyond

MC 327

NATO Military Planning for Peace Support Operations

MC 337

NATO Military Operational Requirement and
Communications Architecture for Interoperable Tactical
Communications Systems in Support of Land Combat
Forces (Post MC 277/2)

MC 404

BI-MNC Concept (INTERIM) for Communications and
Information Systems in Support of Reaction Forces

6 May 97

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

J - 2

STANAG 2101 Establishing Liaison, Edition 9

25 Apr 96

STANAG 4175 Technical Characteristics of the Multifunctional

Information Distribution System (MIDS) , Edition 2 (Final
Draft)

15 May 97

STANAG 4203 Technical Standards for Single Channel HF Radio

Equipment, Edition 2

31 May 88

STANAG 4204 Technical Standards for Single Channel VHF Radio

Equipment, Edition 2, Change 1

9 May 90

STANAG 4205 Technical Standards for Single Channel UHF Radio

Equipment, Edition 2, Change 1

1 Mar 94

STANAG 4206 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

System Standards, Edition 2

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4207 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

Multiplex Group Framing Standards, Edition 2

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4208 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

Signaling Standards, Edition 2

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4209 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

Standards for Analogue to Digital Conversion of Speech
Signals, Edition 2

4 Aug 95

STANAG 4210 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

Cable Link Standards, Edition 2

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4211 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

System Control Standards, Edition 2

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4212 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

Radio Relay Link Standards, Edition 2

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4213 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway - Data

Transmission Standards, Edition 2, Change 1 (amended)

24 Apr 95

STANAG 4214 International Routing and Directory for Tactical

Communications Systems, Edition 1, Change 2

21 Mar 90

STANAG 4249 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway - Data

Transmission Standards (Packet Switching), Edition 1

12 Apr 88

STANAG 4250 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

21 Aug 90

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

J - 3

Interconnection - Part 1: General Description

STANAG 4251 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 1 (Physical Layer)

STANAG 4252 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)

STANAG 4253 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 3 (Network Layer)

STANAG 4254 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 4 (Transport Layer)

STANAG 4255 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 5 (Session Layer)

22 Jan 93

STANAG 4256 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 6 (Presentation Layer)

22 Jan 93

STANAG 4257 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 7 (Application Layer) (Draft)

STANAG 4258 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax
Notation 1 (ASN 1)

22 Jan 93

STANAG 4259 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Encoding Rules for ASN 1

22 Jan 93

STANAG 4260 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Functional Profile

STANAG 4261 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 1 ( Physical Layer) Protocol
Specification

STANAG 4262 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) Protocol
Specification (Draft)

STANAG 4263 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 3 (Network Layer) Protocol
Specification

STANAG 4264 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 4 (Transport Layer) Protocol
Specification

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NATO UNCLASSIFIED

J - 4

STANAG 4265 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 5 (Session Layer) Protocol
Specification

22 Jan 93

STANAG 4266 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 6 (Presentation Layer) Protocol
Specification

22 Jan 93

STANAG 4267 The NATO Reference Model for Open Systems

Interconnection - Layer 7 (Application Layer) Protocol
Specification (Draft)

STANAG 4290 The NATO Multi-channel Tactical Digital Gateway -

Cable Link (Optical) Standards, Edition 2 (Draft)

15 Nov 93

STANAG 4292 Standards to Achieve Communication between Single

Channel Tactical Combat Net Radio Equipment and
Frequency Hopping Radios Operating in the Same VHF
(30-108 MHz) Band, Edition 2, Change 1

18 Aug 88

STANAG 4448 Technical Standards for Non-Secure Voice Interoper-

ability of Very High Frequency (VHF) Combat Net
Radios (CNR) by use of Common Interface Adapter
Devices (Draft)

STANAG 5000 Interoperability of Tactical Digital Facsimile Equipment,

Edition 2, Change 1

25 Aug 89

STANAG 5018

NATO Manual Interface Between the Manual Switched
Telecommunications Systems of the Combat Zone,
Edition 1, Change 4

19 Sep 84

STANAG 5040 NATO Automatic and Semi-Automatic Interfaces

between the National Switched Telecommunications
Systems of the Combat Zone and Between These Systems
and the NATO Integrated Communications System
(NICS) - Period from 1979 to the 1990s, Edition 3,
Change 3 (amended)

3 May 94

STANAG 5516 Tactical Data Exchange - Link 16, Edition 1

2 Mar 90