The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
Created By: Michael Kelman
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
Created By: Michael Kelman
Chief Pontiac
Chief Pontiac
(Chief of the Ottawa)
(Chief of the Ottawa)
“
“
These lakes these
These lakes these
woods and mountains
woods and mountains
were left to us by our
were left to us by our
ancestors. They are
ancestors. They are
our inheritance and we
our inheritance and we
will part with them to
will part with them to
no one … You ought to
no one … You ought to
know that He, the
know that He, the
Great Spirit and Master
Great Spirit and Master
of Life, has provided
of Life, has provided
food for us in these
food for us in these
spacious lakes and on
spacious lakes and on
the woody mountains”
the woody mountains”
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
The war that raged in North America from
The war that raged in North America from
1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger
1754 to 1763 was apart of a larger
struggle between France and England,
struggle between France and England,
known as the Seven Years’ War
known as the Seven Years’ War
Most Native American Indians fought on
Most Native American Indians fought on
the side of the French
the side of the French
Although few did fight on the side of the
Although few did fight on the side of the
English
English
The war began when the English became
The war began when the English became
alarmed at the Forts being built by the
alarmed at the Forts being built by the
French in the Ohio River Valley and George
French in the Ohio River Valley and George
Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity
Washington’s defeat at Fort Necessity
So the English sent
So the English sent
General Edward
General Edward
Braddock
Braddock
commander in chief of the
commander in chief of the
British forces to America to drive the
British forces to America to drive the
French out of the Ohio Valley
French out of the Ohio Valley
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
Braddock Marches to Duquesne
Braddock Marches to Duquesne
June 1755: Braddock sets out from
June 1755: Braddock sets out from
Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated
Virginia with about 1,400 red-coated
British troops and a smaller number of
British troops and a smaller number of
blue-coated colonial militias including
blue-coated colonial militias including
George Washington as one of his aids
George Washington as one of his aids
Braddock’s army took several weeks
Braddock’s army took several weeks
to trek through dense forest to Fort
to trek through dense forest to Fort
Duquesne
Duquesne
They marched in columns and rows,
They marched in columns and rows,
and took time out everyday to sit and
and took time out everyday to sit and
have tea
have tea
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
Braddock Marches to Duquesne
Braddock Marches to Duquesne
July 9, 1755: Native American
July 9, 1755: Native American
Warriors and French troops ambushed
Warriors and French troops ambushed
Braddock and his men
Braddock and his men
The French and Native Americans hid
The French and Native Americans hid
behind trees and fired at the bright
behind trees and fired at the bright
uniforms of the British
uniforms of the British
The British confused and frightened
The British confused and frightened
could not even see their attackers
could not even see their attackers
The British lost badly loosing nearly
The British lost badly loosing nearly
1,000 soldiers including their
1,000 soldiers including their
Commander in Chief General Edward
Commander in Chief General Edward
Braddock
Braddock
British Lose to French and Indians During
British Lose to French and Indians During
March to Duquesne
March to Duquesne
William Trent’s Journal
William Trent’s Journal
Map of Fort Duquesne/Pitt
Map of Fort Duquesne/Pitt
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
1756: The fighting in America leads to the
1756: The fighting in America leads to the
start of a war in Europe between the French
start of a war in Europe between the French
and English known as the
and English known as the
Seven Years War
Seven Years War
The first years of the war went terrible for
The first years of the war went terrible for
the British and their American colonies
the British and their American colonies
The French captured several British forts
The French captured several British forts
including forts at Lake Ontario and Lake
including forts at Lake Ontario and Lake
George
George
Frances Native American allies began
Frances Native American allies began
staging raids on frontier farms from New York
staging raids on frontier farms from New York
to what is now West Virginia
to what is now West Virginia
They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and
They killed settlers, burned farmhouses and
crops, and chased many families back to the
crops, and chased many families back to the
coast
coast
French and Indian War
French and Indian War
Pitt Takes Charge
Pitt Takes Charge
After William Pitt comes to power as
After William Pitt comes to power as
secretary of state and then as prime
secretary of state and then as prime
minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war
minister for Great Britain, the tide of the war
begins to turn in favor of the British
begins to turn in favor of the British
William Pitt was an outstanding military
William Pitt was an outstanding military
commander who knew how to pick skilled
commander who knew how to pick skilled
commanders and oversaw the war effort
commanders and oversaw the war effort
from London
from London
To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt
To avoid complaints from the colonists Pitt
decided to pay for the war
decided to pay for the war
However he ran up a huge debt and would
However he ran up a huge debt and would
raise colonist taxes after the French and
raise colonist taxes after the French and
Indian War
Indian War
French and Indian War
French and Indian War
The British Under Pitt
The British Under Pitt
Pitt intended to conquer French Canada
Pitt intended to conquer French Canada
To do so he sent British troops to North
To do so he sent British troops to North
America under the command of officers
America under the command of officers
Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe
Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe
1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured
1758: Amherst and Wolfe recaptured
the fortress at Louisbourg
the fortress at Louisbourg
That same year British officers
That same year British officers
captured Fort Frontenac at Lake
captured Fort Frontenac at Lake
Ontario, and recaptured Fort Duquesne
Ontario, and recaptured Fort Duquesne
(renaming it Fort Pitt)
(renaming it Fort Pitt)
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
The Battle of Quebec
The Battle of Quebec
September 1759: British general James Wolfe
September 1759: British general James Wolfe
finds a way to attack the capital of New France
finds a way to attack the capital of New France
Quebec
Quebec
Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St.
Perched high on a cliff overlooking the St.
Lawrence River the capital was thought of as
Lawrence River the capital was thought of as
impossible to attack
impossible to attack
A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up
A scout for Wolfe found a poorly guarded path up
the back of the cliff
the back of the cliff
Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the
Wolfes soldiers overwhelmed the guards on the
path and scrambled up it at night
path and scrambled up it at night
They waited outside the fort on a field called the
They waited outside the fort on a field called the
Plains of Abraham
Plains of Abraham
Here they surprised and defeated the French
Here they surprised and defeated the French
Army
Army
James Wolfe died in the battle
James Wolfe died in the battle
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris
After the fall of Quebec a year later the French
After the fall of Quebec a year later the French
took another devastating loss when General
took another devastating loss when General
Amherst captured Montreal
Amherst captured Montreal
This brought an end to the fighting in North
This brought an end to the fighting in North
American
American
1763:
1763:
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris
France is permitted to
France is permitted to
keep some sugar producing islands in the West
keep some sugar producing islands in the West
Indies
Indies
1763:
1763:
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris
England receives
England receives
Canada and most of Frances islands east of the
Canada and most of Frances islands east of the
Mississippi River, England also receives Florida
Mississippi River, England also receives Florida
from Frances ally Spain
from Frances ally Spain
1763:
1763:
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris
Spain receives French
Spain receives French
land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana
land West of the Mississippi River (the Louisiana
Territory) as well as the port of New Orleans
Territory) as well as the port of New Orleans
The French and Indian War
The French and Indian War
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris
1763:
1763:
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris
marked
marked
the end of France as a power in North
the end of France as a power in North
America
America
The continent was now divided
The continent was now divided
between Great Britain and Spain with
between Great Britain and Spain with
the Mississippi River marking the
the Mississippi River marking the
boundary
boundary
Native Americans still living on the
Native Americans still living on the
lands and were not given a section of
lands and were not given a section of
it by the European agreement
it by the European agreement
Trouble on the Frontier After
Trouble on the Frontier After
the French and Indian War
the French and Indian War
The British victory over the French was a
The British victory over the French was a
devastating blow to the Native Americans
devastating blow to the Native Americans
of the Ohio River valley
of the Ohio River valley
They had lost their French allies and
They had lost their French allies and
trading partners
trading partners
They began to trade with the British but
They began to trade with the British but
saw them as enemies
saw them as enemies
The British raised prices of traded goods
The British raised prices of traded goods
and unlike the French refused to pay
and unlike the French refused to pay
Native Americans for the use of their land
Native Americans for the use of their land
Worst of all, British settlers began moving
Worst of all, British settlers began moving
into the valleys west of Pennsylvania
into the valleys west of Pennsylvania
Pontiac’s War
Pontiac’s War
Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa
Chief Pontiac was the leader of an Ottawa
village near Detroit
village near Detroit
He recognized that the British settlers
He recognized that the British settlers
threatened the Native American way of life
threatened the Native American way of life
Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the
Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of the
Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight the
Shawnee and Delaware tribes to fight the
British
British
Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the
Spring 1763: They attacked British forts in the
Great Lake region
Great Lake region
Summer 1763: The alliance of Native
Summer 1763: The alliance of Native
Americans kill settlers in Western PA and
Americans kill settlers in Western PA and
Virginia
Virginia
These raids became known as
These raids became known as
Pontiac’s War
Pontiac’s War
Pontiac’s War
Pontiac’s War
Although the Native Americans won
Although the Native Americans won
many battles they failed to capture
many battles they failed to capture
important forts as: Niagara, Fort Pitt,
important forts as: Niagara, Fort Pitt,
and Detroit
and Detroit
1765: The Native Americans were
1765: The Native Americans were
defeated by the British
defeated by the British
July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace
July 1766: Pontiac signed a peace
treaty and was pardoned by the
treaty and was pardoned by the
British
British
The Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763
To prevent more fighting King George
To prevent more fighting King George
halted settler’s westward expansion
halted settler’s westward expansion
In
In
the Proclamation of 1763
the Proclamation of 1763
the
the
Appalachian Mountains were the temporary
Appalachian Mountains were the temporary
western boundary for the colonies
western boundary for the colonies
This angered many colonists who were
This angered many colonists who were
already living in the area, or who have
already living in the area, or who have
recently purchased land in the area
recently purchased land in the area
These colonists land claims were now not
These colonists land claims were now not
recognized
recognized
The Proclamation of 1763 created friction
The Proclamation of 1763 created friction
between the colonies and Great Britain
between the colonies and Great Britain
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