History windowsa

The computer makes

up around



f processor



f the motherboard



f the memory

f frames



f a graphics card



f a sound card



f the bulk storage



f the network card

Processor

Main element of the computer, of which

carrying

out a command and controlling the

work of all

remaining blocks of the

system are a task (among

others of the

memory and input-output circuits). They are basic

functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:

arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of

the processor and team of registers of the central

processing unit. They are the most important

parameters: length of the data word inside the

processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),

word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),

the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.

Motherboard

On the motherboard important

components

of the device are being

assembled, enabling the

transport

for everyone for remaining

components

and modules. In the

computer

processor

, the

main

memory or nests are on a motherboard for

installing these devices and the nest for putting

additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.

PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)

and of power pack. In some structures of also other

external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,

connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).

Memory of frames

RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –

random access memory) basic kind of the

digital

memory. At least a name is

implying that it means

every memory about the direct access to the any

storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently

carried out and data are being stored for these

programs and results of their work. Content of the

majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few

seconds after the disappearance of stretching the

power supply, some types require also refreshing,

therefore results of the work of programs must be

recorded on other data carrier.

Graphics card

Expansion card of the computer

generating the signal for the

screen of the

monitor. A receipt

and processing the

information

received from the computer

about

the insult and proper showing this

image are a basic task of a graphics card

behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-

assembly is also being called the date VGA

card.

Sound card

It is the computer expansion card,

enabling the registration, processing

and

reconstructing sound. Also a

term equally

often applied is correct

musical card.

At present sound arrangements being

enough for amateur applications are usually

being built in into the motherboard, and they

don't constitute the expansion board. Also

outside sound cards connected by the USB

port to the computer appeared.

Network interface card

pansion board which serves

for

converting data packets

into signals

which are being

sent in the computer

network.

Cards nothing are working in

the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token

ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.

Bulk storage

ermanent memory,

allocated for long-

term storing

the large amount of data in

contrast with the memory the RAM and

the ROM. the bulk storage is being

put

down on outside media of

communication.

Media of

communication are written and read out in

devices called drives.

Kinds of the bulk

storage



fixed disks - random access memory; data

carriers installed in disk arrays against



magnetic tapes - memory about the

sequential access written and read out in

the band drive



the CD-ROM



plates DVD



plates Blu-Ray Disk



HD plates DVD



the USB memory.



for memory cards



SSD



MS-DOS and covers

MS-DOS (i PC-DOS - version

IBM)

Windows 1.0

Windows 2.0

Windows 2.1 (also Windows/286 i Windows/386)

Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11 (additionally

Windows

for Workgroups)



Systems from the line

Windows 95 (Windows 4.0)

Windows 98 (Windows 4.1), Windows 98 Second Edition

Windows Millenium Edition (Windows Me, Windows 4.9)



Products of the line

OS/2

wersje 16-bitowe: OS/2 1.0 (

only a version with the

interface

CLI), 1.1,

1.2, 1.3

wersje 32-bitowe: OS/2 2.0, 2.1, 2.11, 2.11 SMP, Warp 3,

Warp 4



Products of the line

Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51

Windows NT 4.0

Windows 2000 (Windows NT 5.0)

Windows XP (Windows NT 5.1)

Windows XP x64 (Windows NT 5.2)

Windows Vista (Windows NT 6.0)

Windows 7 (Windows NT 6.1)

in the future

Windows 8 (?)



Server products

Windows NT 3.51 Server

Windows NT 4.0 Server

Windows 2000 Server (a few varieties) - NT

5.0/NT 5.1

Widows Server 2003 (a few varieties) - NT 5.2

Windows Server 2008 (a few varieties) - NT

6.0

in the future:

Windows Server 2008 R2 - 7.0

History of the version



November 1985

–

Windows 1.0



9 December 1987

–

Windows 2.0



22 May 1990

Windows 3.0



6 April 1992

Windows 3.1



27 October 1992

Windows for Workgroups

3.1



27 July 1993

Windows NT 3.1



8 November 1993

Windows for Workgroups

3.11



21 September 1994

Windows NT 3.5



30 May 1995

Windows NT 3.51



24 August 1995

Windows 95



29 July 1996

Windows NT 4.0



25 June 1998

Windows 98



9 May 1999

Windows 98 SE



17 February 2000

Windows 2000



14 September 2000

Windows ME



25 October 2001

Windows XP



25 April 2003

Windows Server 2003



18 December 2003

Windows XP Media Center

Edition 2003



12 October 2004

Windows XP Media Center

Edition 2003



25 April 2005

Windows Xp Profesional x64

Edition



30 November 2006

Windows Vista



30 January 2007

Windows Vista



2007

Windows Vista Ultimate



2007

Windows Home Server



22 October 2009

Windows 7

THE END

For contractor:

Mateusz Mamala

Jakub Jodłowski

Paulina Koterla

Paulina Pawłowska

Mateusz Jodłowski

Klaudia Bobak

Drawn up on the base:

Of popular encyclopedia PWN

www.wikipedia.pl

Dictionaries:

The contemporary English-Polish

Polish-English dictionary

www.translatica.pl

Help at translations:

Mgr Grzegorz Krawczyk

Magdalena Wojnarowska

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