Presentation of
Presentation of
the computer
the computer
Presentation of
Presentation of
the computer
the computer
Structure of the
Structure of the
contemporary
contemporary
computer
computer
The computer makes
The computer makes
up around
up around
:
:
O
O
f processor
f processor
O
O
f the motherboard
f the motherboard
O
O
f the memory
f the memory
o
o
f frames
f frames
O
O
f a graphics card
f a graphics card
O
O
f a sound card
f a sound card
O
O
f the bulk storage
f the bulk storage
O
O
f the network card
f the network card
Processor
Processor
Main element of the computer, of which
Main element of the computer, of which
carrying
carrying
out a command and controlling the
out a command and controlling the
work of all
work of all
remaining blocks of the
remaining blocks of the
system are a task (among
system are a task (among
others of the
others of the
memory and input-output circuits). They are basic
memory and input-output circuits). They are basic
functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:
functional blocks, from which the processor is built,:
arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of
arithmetic-logic unit, control system with the clock of
the processor and team of registers of the central
the processor and team of registers of the central
processing unit. They are the most important
processing unit. They are the most important
parameters: length of the data word inside the
parameters: length of the data word inside the
processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),
processor (in microprocessors 8, 16 or 32 beats),
word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),
word length of the address (usually 16 or 20 beats),
the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.
the list of orders and the time of the machine cycle.
Motherboard
Motherboard
On the motherboard important
On the motherboard important
components
components
of the device are being
of the device are being
assembled, enabling the
assembled, enabling the
transport
transport
for everyone for remaining
for everyone for remaining
components
components
and modules. In the
and modules. In the
computer
computer
processor
processor
, the
, the
main
main
memory or nests are on a motherboard for
memory or nests are on a motherboard for
installing these devices and the nest for putting
installing these devices and the nest for putting
additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.
additional called plates in with widening cards (e.g.
PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)
PCI), of storing devices (hard disks, optical drives itp.)
and of power pack. In some structures of also other
and of power pack. In some structures of also other
external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,
external devices (serial port, parallel port, USB,
connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).
connector of the keyboard, connector of the mouse).
Memory of frames
Memory of frames
RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –
RAM (ang. for Rands Memory Access –
random access memory) basic kind of the
random access memory) basic kind of the
digital
digital
memory. At least a name is
memory. At least a name is
implying that it means
implying that it means
every memory about the direct access to the any
every memory about the direct access to the any
storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently
storage cell in the memory RAM programs currently
carried out and data are being stored for these
carried out and data are being stored for these
programs and results of their work. Content of the
programs and results of their work. Content of the
majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few
majority of the memory the RAM is lost a few
seconds after the disappearance of stretching the
seconds after the disappearance of stretching the
power supply, some types require also refreshing,
power supply, some types require also refreshing,
therefore results of the work of programs must be
therefore results of the work of programs must be
recorded on other data carrier.
recorded on other data carrier.
Graphics card
Graphics card
Expansion card of the computer
Expansion card of the computer
generating the signal for the
generating the signal for the
screen of the
screen of the
monitor. A receipt
monitor. A receipt
and processing the
and processing the
information
information
received from the computer
received from the computer
about
about
the insult and proper showing this
the insult and proper showing this
image are a basic task of a graphics card
image are a basic task of a graphics card
behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-
behind the mediation of monitor. This sub-
assembly is also being called the date VGA
assembly is also being called the date VGA
card.
card.
Sound card
Sound card
It is the computer expansion card,
It is the computer expansion card,
enabling the registration, processing
enabling the registration, processing
and
and
reconstructing sound. Also a
reconstructing sound. Also a
term equally
term equally
often applied is correct
often applied is correct
musical card.
musical card.
At present sound arrangements being
At present sound arrangements being
enough for amateur applications are usually
enough for amateur applications are usually
being built in into the motherboard, and they
being built in into the motherboard, and they
don't constitute the expansion board. Also
don't constitute the expansion board. Also
outside sound cards connected by the USB
outside sound cards connected by the USB
port to the computer appeared.
port to the computer appeared.
Bulk storage
Bulk storage
P
P
ermanent memory,
ermanent memory,
allocated for long-
allocated for long-
term storing
term storing
the large amount of data in
the large amount of data in
contrast with the memory the RAM and
contrast with the memory the RAM and
the ROM. the bulk storage is being
the ROM. the bulk storage is being
put
put
down on outside media of
down on outside media of
communication.
communication.
Media of
Media of
communication are written and read out in
communication are written and read out in
devices called drives.
devices called drives.
Kinds of the bulk
Kinds of the bulk
storage
storage
fixed disks - random access memory; data
fixed disks - random access memory; data
carriers installed in disk arrays against
carriers installed in disk arrays against
magnetic tapes - memory about the
magnetic tapes - memory about the
sequential access written and read out in
sequential access written and read out in
the band drive
the band drive
the CD-ROM
the CD-ROM
plates DVD
plates DVD
plates Blu-Ray Disk
plates Blu-Ray Disk
HD plates DVD
HD plates DVD
the USB memory.
the USB memory.
for memory cards
for memory cards
SSD
SSD
Network interface card
Network interface card
Ex
Ex
pansion board which serves
pansion board which serves
for
for
converting data packets
converting data packets
into signals
into signals
which are being
which are being
sent in the computer
sent in the computer
network.
network.
Cards nothing are working in
Cards nothing are working in
the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token
the specific standard, e.g. Ethernet, token
ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.
ring, FDDI, ArcNet, 100 VGAnylan.