Participle Definition

A participle is a verbal form that has the qualities of both a 

verb and an adjective, such as 

the following present

 participle in red

…

Yan

I

tlanmas

I

 

zor gelen

 s

I

nav 

sorular

I

n

I

 en sona 

b

I

rakmal

I

s

I

n, Aristotle. 

You should leave examination questions 

that you find difficult 

to answer until last, Aristotle.

 

[

present participle

 used in a participle phrase 

modifying

, 

questions

.]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

The Standard way to make the 'Present' Participle in 
Turkish… 

The present participle is made in the following manner: 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. To the remaining verb stem add '(y)en' if the verb is from the 
'mek' family or '(y)an' if it's from the 'mak' family. 

[Note: the 'y' is 

only inserted if the verb stem ends in a vowel -- to avoid the occurrence of two 
consecutive vowels.]

 

Examples of Present Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct 
Participle
Suffix 

The Participle  English 

Gelmek

 

-en 

Gelen

 

coming (who 
[whom, that, 
which] is coming)

 

SarIlmak

 

-an 

SarIlan

 

hugging (who 
[whom, that, 
which] is hugging)

 

Anlamak

 

-yan 

Anlayan

 

understanding 
(who is [whom, 
that, which]  
understanding)

 

Beklemek

 

-yen 

Bekleyen

 

waiting (who 
[whom, that, 
which] is waiting)

 

Gelmemek

 

-yen 

Gelmeyen

 

not coming (who 
[whom, that, 
which] is not 
coming)

 

SarIlmamak

 

-yan 

SarIlmayan

 

not hugging (who 
[whom, that, 
which] is not 
hugging)

 

Anlamamak

 

-yan 

Anlamayan

 

not understanding 
(who [whom, that, 
which] is not 
understanding)

 

Beklememek

 

-yen 

Beklemeyen

 

not waiting (who 
[whom, that, 
which] is not 
waiting)

 

Another Present Participle Example: 

Babel'den dцrt bin dokuz yuz yirmi ьз dili ak

I

c

I

 bir sekilde 

konusan

 bir 

adam

 tan

I

yorum. 

I know a man from Babel 

who speaks

 4,923 languages fluently.

 

[

present participle

 used in a participle phrase 

modifying

, 

man

]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

Standard Way to Make the 

  

(Aorist)

  

 'Wide-Tense' Participles

  

 

in Turkish... 

The Type 'A' Participles

 

The 

  

(Aorist)

  

 Wide-Tense -- a verbal factoid

  

Example with the Type 'A' Wide-Tense Participle: 

Atlantis yцresinde pek зok 

akar

 

su

 var.

There's a lot of 

flowing

 water 

in the vicinity of Atlantis.

 

(...water that flows, 

all the time

...) 

[

Type 'A' wide-tense participle

 used as pure adjective 

modifying

, 

water

]

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

The Type 'A' Wide-tense participle is made in the following 
manner: 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. Affirmative participles -- To the remaining verb stem, add 
the suffix '-(e)r' 

['-(i)r', '-(ь)r']

, if the verb is from the 'mek' family, 

or

... 

'(a)r' 

['-(

I

)r', '-(u)r']

, if it's from the 'mak' family. 

3. Negative participles -- To the remaining verb stem, add 
'-mez' 

(for '-mek' family verbs)

 

or

 '-maz' 

(for '-mak' family verbs)

. 

Keep in mind that, 

for 

each

 of the two verb families, 

there is only one possible negative suffix, but that there are three 

possible affirmative suffixes. And remember too that suffix choices 

are always subject to 

the 

Rule of Vowel Harmony

... 

Examples of Type 'A' Wide Tense 
Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct 
Participle
Suffix 

The Participle  English 

Beklemek

 

-er 

Bekler

 

waiting (who 
[whom, that, which]  
waits)

 

Gelmek

 

-ir 

Gelir

 

coming (who 
[whom, that, which]  
comes)

 

Yьrьmek

 

-r 

Yьrьr

 

walking (who 
[whom, that, which]  
walks)

 

Adamak

 

-ar 

Adar

 

dedicating(who 
[whom, that, which]  
dedicates)

 

SarIlmak

 

-

I

r 

SarIl

I

r

 

hugging (who 
[whom, that, which]  
hugs)

 

Bulmak

 

-ur 

Bulur

 

finding (who [whom, 
that, which] finds)

 

[negative]
Gelmek

 

-mez 

Gelmez

 

not coming (who 
[whom, that, which]  
doesn't come)

 

[negative] 
SarIlmak

 

-maz 

SarIlmaz

 

not hugging (who 
[whom, that, which]  
doesn't hug)

 

Note: Quite a few of the wide-tense participles have now entered the Turkish language 
as free-standing nouns or adjectives. Such as the nouns: dьsьnьr; 

thinker

 and yazar; 

writer

. Such as the adjectives: зalar; зalar saat; 

alarm clock

, and bilir; bilir kisi; 

a 

wise man, expert

...

 

Another Wide-tense Participle Example: 

Nero, 

yanmaz

 

ipek

tan yap

I

lm

I

s elbiseler giyer. 

Nero always wears clothing made from 

fire-proof

 silk.

 

(...from silk 

that doesn't burn

, 

ever

...)

 

[wide-tense participle used as pure adjective modifying, 

silk

]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example? 

Standard Way to Make the 

  

(Aorist)

  

 'Wide-Tense' Participles

  

 

in Turkish... 

The Type 'B' Participles

 

Example with the Type 'B' Wide-Tense Participle: 

Paris, Helena'ya 

geзiзi

 

hevesler

i yьzьnden Troy'a zarar 

verecek mi? Elbette!

Will Paris bring harm to Troy over his 

passing

 desires for 

Helena? You betcha!

 

[

Type 'B' wide-tense participle

 used as pure adjective 

modifying

, 

desires

]

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

The Type 'B' Wide-tense participle is made in the following 
manner: 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. Affirmative participles -- To the remaining verb stem, add 
the suffix '-ici' 

['-ьcь']

, if the verb is from the 'mek' family, 

or

... 

'

I

c

I

' 

['-ucu']

, if it's from the 'mak' family. 

3. Negative participles -- Unlike the Type 'A' Wide Tense 
participles, there are no negative Type 'B' participles. As is the 
case with the Present Participles, all negative expressions are 
controlled through the main verb(s) in the sentence 

(or noun clause) 

where this participle is used. For example, 

Size daha 

ьzьcь

 haberler vermek istemem, Job; 

I don't want to give more 

worrying

 news to you, Job

. 

In the example, the main verb istemem; 

I don't want

, happens to be in the negative, 

and so controls the negative sense in which the participle 

ьzьcь

 is used. And if the 

verb were in the affirmative, the sense of the sentence would be reversed, but there'd 

be no change at all in the participle. 

Keep in mind that, 

for a verb stem ending in a vowel, you need to insert '

y

' before attaching 

the 'future' participle suffix, 

e.g. koruyucu; 

protecting, who protect(s)

... 

Examples of Type 'B' Wide Tense 
Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct Participle
Suffix 

The Participle  English 

Gelmek

 

-ici 

Gelici

 

coming (who 
[whom, that, 
which] comes)

 

Beklemek

 

-yici 

Bekleyici

 

waiting (who 
[whom, that, 
which] waits)

 

Gьlmek

 

-ьcь 

Gьlьcь

 

smiling (who 
[whom, that, 
which] smiles)

 

Bьyьmek

 

-yьcь 

Bьyьyьcь

 

growing (who 
[whom, that, 
which] grows)

 

Almak

 

-

I

c

I

 

Al

I

c

I

 

taking (who 
[whom, that, 
which] takes)

 

Tan

I

mak

 

-y

I

c

I

 

Tan

I

y

I

c

I

 

recognizing (who 
[whom, that, 
which]  
recognizes)

 

Doyurmak

 

-ucu 

Doyurucu 

filling up (who 
[whom, that, 
which] fills up)

 

Korumak

 

-yucu 

Koruyucu

 

protecting (who 
[whom, that, 
which] protects

 

Note: Quite a few of the Type 'B' wide-tense participles have now entered the Turkish 
language as free-standing nouns or adjectives. Such as the nouns: bцcek цldьrьcь; 

insecticide (bug killer)

 and uyusturucu; 

(narcotic) drugs

. Such as the adjectives: 

gьldьrьcь; 

amusing

, and etkileyici; 

effective, influential

...

 

Another Type 'B' Wide-tense Participle Example: 

Emek Atlas

I

 yorarsa, o 

yorucu

 bir 

emek

tir. 

If the work exhausts Atlas, it's 

exhausting

 work.

 

[

Type 'B' wide-tense participle

 used as pure adjective 

modifying

, 

work

]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example? 

Standard Way to Make the 'Past Personal' Participle in 
Turkish... 

Other writers on the Turkish language, have called this category 

of participle, 

"

the Past Participle

" 

(Hengirmen)

, "

an Object Participle

" 

(Underhill)

, 

"

a '-dik' adjective

" 

(The Pollards)

, "

a Relative Participle

", and "

a 

Personal Participle

" 

(Lewis)

.

Since they can't agree, we won't either, and have decided to call 
it "

The Past Personal Participle

" -- based solely on its 

appearance. 

For example, look at the '

Past Personal

' Participle, iste

dig

in

,

which may mean, 

that you wanted

, as in, 

The suit 

that you wanted

 cost $9,000, but 

the checking account was in my name!

 

Firstly, you'll see that it's made 

from the verb stem of, istemek; 

to want

. 

Then hopefully, you'll notice two things about its suffix/ending, 

dig

in

. 

What you will notice, we hope, is 

a

) that it's based on the root suffix '-dik' (softened here to 

dig

) -- 

which makes it 'appear' (at first glance) to be in the Past Tense and, 

b

) that it definitely does include use of one of the 

Personal

  

 Possessive Endings

  

, in this 

case, -

in

, meaning, 

your

. 

So, Participles in this category, look like they're in Past Tense and, also, make use of 

the Personal Possessive Suffixes... 

And, that's why we call them the 'Past Personal' Participles. 

Whew!

 

In fact, as we'll see just below, looks can be deceiving. Because it turns out that the 

'

Past Personal

' Participle's time zones are subject to the whims of other stronger 

passions, and so, it can be used for any tense except the future tense... 

Example with the '

Past Personal

' Participle: 

[Notice how the '

Past Personal

' Participle's tense can get twisted in translation -- to 

conform to the tense of the 'stronger' verb in the sentence.] 

Bilmediginiz

 

insanlar

a fikrinizi 

sцylemeyiniz

, Socrates. 

Senin bas

I

n

I

 belaya sokabilir. 

Don't tell

 your ideas to people 

you don't know

, Socrates. It 

could get you into trouble.

 

[

Past Personal participle

 used as an adjective 

modifying

, 

people

. 

Observe that, in this translation, the participle takes on the 'present tense feeling' of the 

sentence's main verb -- 

which is the negative command, 

sцylemeyiniz

; 

don't tell

.]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

The 'Past Personal' Participle is made in the following 
manner : 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. To the remaining verb stem, 
add the suffix '-dik' 

['-dьk']

, if the verb is from the 'mek' family, 

or

... 

'-d

I

k' 

['-duk']

, if it's from the 'mak' family. 

3. To 

that

 resulting construction, attach an appropriate 

Personal 

Possessive Ending (PPE)

. 

Note: Before attaching the PPE, you may 

need to soften the final 'k' of 

that

 construction by substituting the 

Turkish 'yumasak-g' character. See following examples...

 

Keep in mind that, 

for 

each

 of the two verb families, 

there are two possible suffixes -- that are subject to 

the 

Rule of Vowel Harmony

... 

Examples of 'Past Personal' Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct 
Participle
Suffix 

The Participle 
Usage 

English 

Зizmek

 

-digim 

Зizdigim resim...

 

The picture 
[that] I drew...

 

SarIlmak

 

-d

I

g

I

n 

SarIld

I

g

I

n k

I

z...

 

The girl [who] 
you hugged...

 

Okumak

 

-dugu 

(see the vowel 
harmony at work)

 

Okudugu kitap...

 

The book [that] 
she read...

 

Beklemek

 

-digimiz 

Bekledigimiz gьn... 

The day [that] 
we were waiting 
for...

 

Gцrmek

 

-dьgьnьz 

(see the vowel 
harmony at work)

 

Gцrdьgьnьz atlar...

 

The horses 
[that] you saw...

 

Aramak

 

-d

I

klar

I

 

Arad

I

klar

I

 sevgili...

 

The lover [that] 
they were 
searching for...

 

Зizmemek

 

-digim 

Зizmedigim 
resim...

 

The picture 
[that] I didn't 
draw...

 

SarIlmamak

 

-d

I

g

I

n 

SarIlmad

I

g

I

n k

I

z...

 

The girl [who] 
you didn't hug...

 

Okumamak

 

-d

I

g

I

 

(see the vowel 
harmony at work, 
compare with 
'Okumak' above)

 

Okumad

I

g

I

 kitap...

 

The book [that] 
she didn't read... 

Beklememek

 

-digimiz 

Beklemedigimiz 
misafir...

 

The guest [that] 
we weren't 
expecting...

 

Gцrmemek

 

-diginiz 

(see the vowel 
harmony at work, 
compare with 
'Gцrmek' above)

 

Gцrmediginiz 
atlar...

 

The horses 
[that] you didn't 
see...

 

Gьlmemek

 

-dikleri 

Gьlmedikleri 
saka...

 

The joke [that]  
they didn't laugh 
at...

 

Another 'Past Personal' Participle Example: 

Also includes an example of a '

faux-pa

rticiple' [

in green below

] 

Osmanl

I

 Saray

I

na, 

hos geldiniz, Bayan Borgia. 

Duydugumuz

 Avrupal

I 

barbarlardan 

biri

 

olmad

I

g

I

n

I

z

I

 bilmek bizi зok memnun etti. 

Note: '

olmad

I

g

I

n

I

z

I

' is only a Turkish participle look-a-like, and has 

no adjectival qualities. Some prefer to call it a noun that functions as the direct object 

of 'bilmek'. 

In that case it translates something like, '

[the likelihood of] your not being

'. 

For easier translation, though, it's useful to think of it as a verb in a noun clause. If 

we do that, we can translate it more simply as, 

you aren't

. 

A '

faux-pa

  

rticiple

  

' like this one is usually easy to spot, because you most always find 

it sitting directly to the left of another verb formation, as in the above case, 

olmad

I

g

I

n

I

z

I

 bilmek; to know [that] 

you aren't

. 

Welcome to the Ottoman Court, Miss Borgia. We're glad to 

know 

[that]

 you aren’t

 one of the European barbarians 

who 

we’ve heard [about]

.

 

[

Past Personal participle

 used as an adjective 

modifying

, 

one

 

of the European 

barbarians

. 

Observe that, in this translation, the participle takes on the 'present tense feeling' of the 

controlling so-called "verb" -- 

olmad

I

g

I

n

I

z

I

; you aren't

.]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example? 

Standard Way to Make the '

  

mis

   -Past' Participle in

  

 

Turkish... 

Example with the 

mis-Past

 Participle: 

Note: Despite their appearance, 

mis-Past participles

 do not carry any of the uncertain, 

tentative, dubitative sense of the 'pure' 

mis-Past verb

. For example, with a pure 

mis-

Past verb

, plan haz

I

rlanm

I

s means 

I think the plan has been prepared

 (

but, I don't 

know for sure

). While, with a 

mis-Past participle

, haz

I

rlanm

I

s plan means 

the plan 

that has been prepared

 (

undoubtedly

). 

Could I see 

an example conjugation 

of a 

  

mis

   -Past verb

  

?  

 

Agarm

I

s

 

saзlar

 sevgiye engel degildir, Methuselah. 

Hair 

that has turned white

 is not a barrier to love, 

Methuselah.

 

[

mis-Past participle

 as adjective 

modifying

, 

Hair

]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example? 

The '

  

mis

   -Past' Participle is made in the following manner 

  

: 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. To the remaining verb stem, 
add the suffix '-mis' 

['-mьs']

, if the verb is from the 'mek' family, 

or

... 

'-m

I

s' 

['-mus']

, if it's from the 'mak' family. 

Keep in mind that, 

for 

each

 of the two verb families , 

there are two possible suffixes -- that are subject to 

the 

Rule of Vowel Harmony

... 

Examples of mis-Past Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct 
Participle
Suffix 

The Participle 
Usage 

English 

Bitmek

 

-mis 

Bitmis is...

 

finished work; work 
that has been 
done/finished...

 

Gцrьlmek

 

-mьs 

(see vowel 
harmony at work)

 

Gцrьlmьs olay... 

observed event; an 
event that is 
seen/observed...

Yaz

I

lmak

 

-m

I

s 

Yaz

I

lm

I

s 

mektup... 

written letter; a 
letter that has been 
written...

 

Okunmak

 

-mus 

(see vowel 
harmony at work)

 

Okunmus 
kitap...

 

a read book; a book 
that has been read... 

Bitmemek

 

-mis 

Bitmemis is...

 

unfinished work; 
work that has not 
been 
done/finished...

 

Gцrьlmemek

 

-mis 

(see the vowel 
harmony at work, 
compare with 
'Gцrьlmek' above) 

Gцrьlmemis 
olay...

 

unobserved event; 
an event that has 
not been 
seen/observed...

Yaz

I

lmamak

 

-m

I

s 

Yaz

I

lmam

I

s 

mektup... 

unwritten letter; a 
letter that has not 
been written...

 

Okunmamak

 

-m

I

s 

(see the vowel 
harmony at work, 
compare with 
'Okunmak' above) 

Okunmam

I

s 

kitap...

 

unread book; a 
book that has not 
been read... 

Another mis-Past Participle Example: 

Bu aksam Sodom ve Gomorrah bugьne kadar hiз 

gцrьlmemis

 baz

I

 

olaylar

a tan

I

k oldu. 

This evening 

[citizens of]

 Sodom and Gomorrah 

were witness to some events 

that haven't been seen

 ever, until today.

 

[

mis-Past participle

 used in a participle phrase 

modifying

, 

events

]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

 

Standard Way to Make the 'Future' Participle in Turkish 

Example with the 

Future

 Participle: 

Lutfen Pandora, kutuya dikkat edin -- iзinde 

korkutacak 

esyalar var

. 

Please be careful with the box, Pandora -- there are some 

frightening

 things inside.

 

(...

things

 that 

will frighten

 inside.)

 

[

future participle

 as adjective 

modifying

 

things

]

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example? 

The 'Future' Participle is made in the following manner: 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. To the remaining verb stem, 
add the suffix '-(

y

)ecek, if the verb is from the 'mek' family, 

or

... 

'-(

y

)acak, if it's from the 'mak' family. 

Keep in mind that, 

for a verb stem ending in a vowel, you need to insert '

y

' before attaching 

the 'future' participle suffix, e.g. bulma

y

acak; 

that will not be found

... 

Examples of 'Future' Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct 
Participle
Suffix 

The Participle 
Usage 

English 

Bitmek

 

-cek 

Bitecek is...

 

work that will be 
done/finished...

 

Gцrьlmek

 

-ecek 

Gцrьlecek olay...

 

event that will be 
seen/observed...

Yaz

I

lmak

 

-acak 

Yaz

I

lacak 

mektup... 

letter that will be 
written...

 

Bitmemek

 

-yecek 

Bitmeyecek is...

 

work that will not 
be done/finished...

 

Gцrьlmemek

 

-yecek 

Gцrьlmeycek 
olay...

 

event that will not 
be seen/observed...

Yaz

I

lmamak

 

-yacak 

Yaz

I

lmayacak 

mektup... 

letter that will not 
be written...

 

Note: Many of the Future participles have now entered the Turkish language as free-
standing nouns or adjectives. Such as the nouns: yiyecek; 

food, something to eat

, 

oyuncak; 

a toy, a trifling matter, an easy job, child's play

, and aзacak; 

any tool for 

opening things

. Such as the adjectives: gelecek; 

coming, next

, and olacak; 

suitable, 

so-called

...

 

Another 'Future' Participle Example -- 

a double-whammy one

... 

Bu gece 

bitecek

 bir 

masal

 anlat, Sehrazad. 

Bitmeyecek 

masallar

la ugras

I

p vakit kaybetmeyin. 

Tell me a story you 

can finish

 tonite, Scheherazade. Don't 

struggle and waste time with stories you 

can't finish

 

[tonite].

 

[...

a story that

 

will finish

...

stories that

 

will not finish

...]

 

[

'future' participles

, both positive and negative, used as adjectives 

modifying

, 

story/stories

].

 

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

Standard Way to Make the 'Future Personal' Participle in 
Turkish... 

Other writers on the Turkish language, have called this category 

of participle, 

"

an '-ecek' adjective

" 

(The Pollards)

, "

an Object Participle

" 

(Underhill)

, 

"

a Relative Participle

", and "

a Personal Participle

" 

(Lewis)

.

We mentioned this same kind of nomenclature problem 
above, in the section about the 

'Past Personal' Participle

. And, 

for the same kind of reasons presented there, we've decided to 
call this participle "

The Future Personal Participle

" -- based 

solely on its appearance. 

And happily, the 'Future Personal' Participle does actually provide a sense of the 

future. (You may recall that the 'Past Personal' Participle doesn't reliably provide a 

sense of the past...)

Example with the '

Future Personal

' Participle: 

Sfenks seni bekliyor, Oedipus. Ve bilmeceye 

verecegin

 

cevap 

dogruysa daha iyi olur.

The Sphinx is waiting, Oedipus. And the answer 

you give

 his 

riddle had better be right!!

 

(...it would be better if the 

answer

 

that you will give

...)

 

[

'future personal' participle

 as adjective 

modifying

, 

answer

]

Need step-by-step help 

translating the preceding example?

The 'Future Personal' Participle is made in the following 
manner: 

1. From the infinitive of any verb, strip the 'mek' or 'mak' 
ending. 

2. To the remaining verb stem, 
add the suffix '-(y)ecek', if the verb is from the 'mek' family, 

or

... 

'-(y)acak', if it's from the 'mak' family. 

3. To 

that

 resulting construction, attach an appropriate 

Personal 

Possessive Ending (PPE)

. 

Note: Before attaching the PPE, you may need to soften the final 'k' of 

that

 construction by substituting the Turkish 'yumasak-g' character. See 

following examples...

 

Examples of 'Future Personal' Participle Construction:

Infinitive form 

of a Verb 

Correct 
Participle
Suffix 

The Participle Usage  English 

Зizmek

 

-ecegim 

Зizecegim resim...

 

The picture 
[that] I will 
draw...

 

SarIlmak

 

-acag

I

n 

SarIlacag

I

n k

I

z...

 

The girl [who] 
you will hug...

 

Okumak

 

-yacag

I

 

Okuyacag

I

 kitap...

 

The book 
[that] she will 
read...

 

Beklemek

 

-ycegimiz 

Bekleyecegimiz 
gьn...

 

The day [that] 
we will wait 
for...

 

Gцrmek

 

-eceginiz 

Gцreceginiz atlar...

 

The horses 
[that] you will 
see...

 

Aramak

 

-yacaklar

I

 

Arayacaklar

I 

sevgili...

 

The lover 
[that] they will 
search for...

 

Зizmemek

 

-yecegim 

Зizmemeycegim 
resim...

 

The picture 
[that] I will 
not draw...

 

SarIlmamak

 

-yacag

I

n 

SarIlmayacag

I

n k

I

z... 

The girl [who] 
you will not 
hug...

 

Okumamak

 

-yacag

I

 

Okumayacag

I

 kitap... 

The book 
[that] she will 
not read...

 

Beklememek

 

-yecegimiz 

Beklemeyecegimiz 
misafir...

 

The guest 
[that] we will 
not expect...

 

Gцrmemek

 

-yeceginiz 

Gцrmeyeceginiz 
atlar...

 

The horses 
[that] you will 
not see...

 

Gьlmemek

 

-yecekleri 

Gьlmeyecekleri 
saka...

 

The joke[that]  
they will not 
laugh at...

 

Another '

Future Personal

' Participle Example: 

Also includes an example of a '

faux-pa

rticiple' [

in green below

]

 

Otur, Sir Thomas. 

Konusacag

I

m

I

z

 зok 

konular

 var ve 

giyotine 

gecikeceginiz

den korkuyorum. 

Note: '

gecikeceginiz

' is only a Turkish participle look-a-like, and has 

no adjectival qualities. Some prefer to call it a noun that functions 

as the object of '-dan korkuyorum'. 

In that case it means something like, '

[the likelihood of] your being late in the 

future

'. 

For easier translation, though, it's useful to think of it as a verb in a noun clause. If 

we do that, we can tranlate it more simply as, 

you'll be late

. A '

faux-pa

  

rticiple

  

' like 

this one is usually easy to spot, because you most always find it sitting directly to the 

left of another verb formation, as in the above case, 

gecikeceginiz

den korkuyorum; 

I'm afraid that 

you'll be late

... 

Sit down, Sir Thomas. There are many subjects to 

discuss

 and 

I'm afraid that 

you'll be late

 to the guillotine.

 

[...many 

subjects

 

that we will discuss

...] 

Note: here the 

'future personal' participle

 is used as an adjective 

modifying

, 

subjects

. 

Observe that, this category of 

'personal' participle

 does provide 

a sense of the '

future

'. 

You may recall that the 'past personal' participle 

does not reliably provide a sense of the 'past'

.