1
THE BATS and WIND ENERGY COOPERATIVE
Charter (revised March 2011)
Mission Statement
The Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) is an alliance of state and federal agencies,
private industry, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations that cooperates to
develop solutions to minimize or, where possible, prevent mortality of bats at wind power
turbines.
Background and Need
As concerns about climate change and increasing costs and long-term environmental impacts
from the use of fossil fuels have heightened (McLeish 2002), wind has become an increasingly
important sector of the energy industry (Pasqualetti et al. 2004) and one of the fastest growing
sources of renewable energy. Wind-generated electricity is renewable and generally
considered environmentally clean, compared with other energy sources, but is not
environmentally neutral. Bat fatalities have been recorded at wind facilities worldwide,
including Australia (Hall and Richards 1972), North America (e.g., Johnson 2005, Kunz et al.
2007, Arnett et al. 2008), and Europe (Ahlen 2002, Bach and Rahmel 2004, Dürr and Bach
2004, Brinkman 2006). Small numbers of bats were first recorded in the U.S. at wind energy
projects in California during avian fatality searches (e.g., Orloff and Flannery 1992, Thelander
and Rugge 2000). However, bat fatalities at wind energy facilities generally received little
attention in North America until 2003 when an estimated 1,400
–4,000 bats were killed at the
Mountaineer Wind Energy Center in West Virginia (Kerns and Kerlinger 2004). The
Tennessee Valley A
uthority’s Buffalo Mountain Wind Farm, with just three turbines on an
isolated mountain top, killed an estimated 85 bats in each of its first two summers (Nicholson
2003, Fiedler 2004). Continued fatalities have been documented at the Mountaineer and
Buffalo Mountain facilities (Arnett 2005, Fiedler et al. 2007).
Although bat fatalities are widespread, the full extent and impact remain inadequately
investigated and poorly understood. Given our current state of knowledge and the projected
future development of wind energy facilities in the U.S., the potential for significant cumulative
population impacts to bats is an important concern (Kunz et al. 2007).
To address this issue, a Bats and Wind Power Generation Technical Workshop, sponsored by
the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), Bat Conservation International (BCI), the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
was held on 19-20 February 2004 in Juno Beach, Florida. The purpose of this workshop was
to 1) identify what is currently known and where information needs exist; 2) discuss available
methods and technologies; and 3) review current knowledge of relevant bat behavior and
ecology. S
everal of the world’s leading bat scientists and experts from relevant fields, wind
industry, and federal and state agencies gathered to share information and discuss what is
needed to understand and resolve issues involving bat mortality at wind turbines. A list of
priorities and suggestions was developed for conducting research essential to: 1) understand
potential causes of bat mortality at turbines; 2) correlate turbine characteristics, habitat, and
weather patterns with bat mortality; and 3) minimize or, where possible, prevent bat kills at
turbines.
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The Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) was formed to provide technical guidance
and sponsor research required to minimize or, where possible, prevent further mortality of bats
at turbines. The BWEC completed four years of field research in fall 2007 and held a second
technical experts’ meeting in Austin, Texas on 8-10 January 2008. Findings from BWEC-
sponsored studies were presented and new priorities set forth. The Committees of the BWEC
also discussed operating procedures of the cooperative, and this document represents a
revision to an earlier version of the cooperative’s charter. Both workshops were organized and
facilitated by Energetics Incorporated, under subcontract to NREL.
General Approach and Philosophy
The BWEC will seek solutions to identified problems and provide scientifically credible
recommendations for standardizing protocols, methodologies, and research to safeguard both
bats and wind energy objectives. The BWEC will work cooperatively with diverse stakeholders
and a number of existing organizations (e.g., the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative,
Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and their associated working groups), but will
function as a smaller, more focused group specifically devoted to understanding mortality of
bats at wind turbines and identifying potential solutions to complex related problems. The
BWEC will 1) develop priorities for monitoring and research; 2) facilitate scientific peer review;
3) implement collaborative research, emphasizing studies that address broad questions and
that can be duplicated across various wind project sites; (4) secure short- and long-term
funding adequate to gather data required to achieve desired goals and objectives; (5)
administer funds and resources to implement priority projects; and (6) disseminate information
and research findings to diverse audiences in both scientific and popular venues.
The BWEC must be opportunistic and adaptive as needs change. A free exchange of ideas
and scientific information is essential for the group to reach consensus on appropriate priorities
and activities for the development of solutions to the complex problems surrounding bats in
wind energy development. All ideas and scientific information will be considered and differing
values, ideas, concepts and interpretations will be respected and encouraged by the BWEC.
The BWEC also must adhere to rigorous scientific peer-review processes to maintain
credibility of work performed or recommended under its direction.
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Program Coordination
The BWEC will be organized and managed by a Program Coordinator who will be a fulltime
employee of BCI; supervision, salary-benefits, office space, and all other aspects of this
position will be provided by BCI.
The
Coordinator’s duties will include, but are not limited to: 1) Managing all program activities
of the BWEC; 2) Facilitating actions of the scientific and technical advisory committees; 3)
Conducting and monitoring research activities on the impacts of wind turbines on bats; 4)
Ensuring scientific peer-review of protocols, research proposals, and other related documents
as needed; 5) Disseminating information among BWEC partners and diverse audiences; 6)
Coordinating workshops and symposia as needed to disseminate information and/or facilitate
training; 7) Publishing research findings in popular articles and peer-reviewed/refereed outlets.
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Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Program Assistant will be a fulltime employee of BCI;
supervision (via the Program Coordinator), salary-benefits, office space, and all other aspects
of this position will be provided by BCI. The
Program Assistant’s duties will include, but not
limited to: 1) Setting up conference calls and taking and distributing notes from all calls; 2)
Assisting with project budgeting and grant submission; 3) Preparing and distributing the E-
Newsletter; 4) Maintaining and updating the BWEC website; 5) Miscellaneous administrative
duties for the BWEC.
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Facilitator and Committee Coordinator:
Energetics staff coordinates and facilitates the work of the Oversight Committee and the other
committees under subcontract to NREL (subject to annual budget allocations), as needed.
The
Facilitator’s duties will include, but not limited to: 1) Working closely with the Program
Coordinator on BWEC strategy and activities 2) Facilitating Oversight, Scientific Advisory and
Technical Committees deliberations and decision-making in collaboration with Program
Coordinator 2) Facilitating communication among Committee members and other stakeholders
3) Coordinating workshops, webcasts, and symposia as needed to establish BWEC priorities
(about every three years) and disseminate information to a wider audience
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Oversight Committee
The BWEC Oversight Committee (OC) will consist of one representative from each of the
founding organizations including, AWEA, BCI, NREL, and the USFWS. These individuals will
be nominated by the Program Coordinator or any member of the Oversight Committee and
appointed by consensus of and serve at the discretion of the Oversight Committee. Each
member of the OC will serve a 3-year term; any member of the OC may ask to be removed at
anytime during their term if they feel they cannot fulfill the duties described below. At the end
of the 3-year term, the Oversight Committee may ask for continued service of an individual
member or chose to select a new member to serve on this committee. See the current
oversight committee members in Appendix A.
This committee will be responsible for oversight and direction of the cooperative. Duties of the
Oversight Committee include, but are not limited to: 1) Reviewing and approving research
priorities and/or study proposals developed in cooperation with the Program Coordinator and
Science and Technical Advisory Committees; 2) Ensuring that research priorities approved by
the Scientific Advisory Committee are implemented by reviewing and approving annual work
plans, study proposals, budgets, and products produced by the Program Coordinator and other
cooperating scientists; 3) Assisting with raising funds for the cooperative; 4) Meeting via
conference call on a quarterly basis to review progress to date, sharing information, reviewing
feedback and materials presented by the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committees; and 5)
Meeting via conference call once per year in November or December with all committees to
review progress to date.
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Scientific Advisory Committee
The BWEC Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) is composed of at least 5, and no more than
7, scientists who are leading experts on bat behavior and ecology or other relevant fields, and
will provide technical and scientific guidance to the Program Coordinator and Oversight
Committee. These individuals will be nominated by the Program Coordinator or any member
of the Oversight Committee and appointed by consensus of and serve at the discretion of the
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Oversight Committee. Each member of the SAC will serve a 3-year term, and any SAC
member may ask the Oversight Committee to be removed at anytime during their term if they
feel they cannot fulfill the duties described below. At the end of the 3-year term, the Oversight
Committee may ask for continued service of an individual member or chose to select a new
member to serve on this committee.
Duties of the Scientific Advisory Committee include, but are not limited to: 1) serving as the
peer-review panel for proposals, study plans, reports, and manuscripts generated from BWEC-
sponsored research; 2) providing guidance on research priorities and allocation of funding to
the Oversight Committee and Program Coordinator; 3) meeting via conference call with the
Program Coordinator at least once per year prior to the beginning of field research activities
(preferably in March) to discuss research priorities and plans for that year; and 4) meeting
once per year via conference call in November or December with all BWEC committees to
review progress to date, share information, revisit priorities and adjust goals, objectives, and
priorities as needed.
The Scientific Advisory Committee will select a Chairperson that will serve as the key point of
contact and spokesperson to the Oversight Committee and the Program Coordinator.
In the event a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee becomes directly involved with
research funded entirely or in part by the BWEC or submits independent proposals for
consideration by the BWEC, the Program Coordinator and one member of the Oversight
Committee will ensure peer review by other committee members and additional outside
reviewers as needed. The results of the review will be summarized and forwarded to the
Oversight Committee with a recommendation for their approval.
Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative Technical Advisory Committee
The BWEC Technical Advisory Committee is composed of at least 5, and no more than 7,
experts and stakeholders from relevant industries, non-governmental organizations, and
government agencies with wildlife management responsibilities. The diverse cross-section of
representation on this committee ensures vital insight regarding feasibility and implementation
of BWEC objectives. This committee will provide technical guidance to the Program
Coordinator and Oversight Committee. These individuals will be nominated by the Program
Coordinator or members of any of the BWEC Committees. The members of this TAC will be
selected by consensus of and serve at the discretion of the Oversight Committee. Each
member of this committee will serve a 3-year term, and any committee member may ask the
Oversight Committee to be removed at anytime during their term if they feel they cannot fulfill
the duties describe below. At the end of the 3-year term, the Oversight Committee may ask for
continued service of an individual member or chose to select a new member to serve on this
committee.
Duties of the Technical Advisory Committee include, but are not limited to: 1) Providing review
of reports and manuscripts generated from BWEC-sponsored research; 2) Providing guidance
on research priorities and allocation of funding to the Oversight Committee and Program
Coordinator; 3) Meeting once per year via conference call in November or December with all
BWEC committees to review progress to date, share information, revisit priorities and adjust
goals, objectives, and priorities as needed.
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Operating Procedures
Developing Priorities
At the Wind Power Generation Technical Workshop held in Juno Beach in February 2004, a
list of priority subject areas and questions was developed and the BWEC worked from that
initial prioritization list from 2004-
2007. An experts’ meeting was held in Austin, Texas in
January 2008, and new priorities were established. Research priorities will be discussed
among the committees annually via conference call and adjusted as needed. A technical
workshop will be held every three years to review progress and develop new priorities (the
next scheduled meeting will occur in the last quarter of 2010 or first quarter of 2011).
Contracting
The BWEC will, as needed, contract with cooperating scientists. Proposals will be submitted
by the Program Coordinator for review and approval by the Oversight Committee. At the
discretion of the Program Coordinator and the Oversight Committee, proposals may be
reviewed by the Scientific Advisory Committee prior to approval. Cooperating scientists will
enter into a contractual agreement with Bat Conservation International as the liaison between
BWEC and the cooperating scientist’s organization.
Scientific Peer Review
The BWEC Scientific Advisory Committee will serve as the primary peer-review panel for
proposals, study plans, reports, manuscripts and other products (e.g., protocols, web-based
documentation, etc.) that are developed by the Program Coordinator or cooperating scientists.
At the suggestion of this Committee, the Coordinator also will develop and maintain a list of
scientists and technical experts needed to assist with scientific peer review (e.g., experimental
design, use of radar systems). At the discretion of the Program Coordinator, additional
external review may be required for certain project proposals or situations--for example, in
cases where a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee becomes directly involved with
research funded entirely or in part by the BWEC or submits personal proposals to the BWEC.
In these cases, the SAC member would refuse him/herself from the review process and a
member of the Oversight Committee would work with the Program Coordinator and other
external reviewers, as needed. The Oversight and Technical Advisory Committees also will
provide review of BWEC-sponsored products.
All projects initiated by BWEC where the Program Coordinator is a principal investigator will
follow the review process outlined in Figure 1. The Program Coordinator will be responsible
for implementing the peer review process and will consider all edits and comments provided by
the reviewers. The Program Coordinator must demonstrate, if requested by any of the BWEC
committees, how the process was implemented and review comments were addressed or
must provide documentation for any rebuttal of a review comment. The Oversight Committee,
in cooperation with Program Coordinator, will approve, by consensus vote, the public release
of all final products. Cooperating scientists that receive funding from BWEC will either 1) follow
the BWEC review process outlined in Figure 1, or 2) provide an alternative process for peer
review that must be approved by the Oversight Committee during the proposal review process.
Fundraising and Administration
Funds generated for the BWEC shall be used for salary, benefits, travel, equipment, field data
collection, data analysis, office-related expenses (e.g., copies, phone charges, supplies),
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report and publication expenses, and other related costs required to perform assigned duties.
Base-funding support for the Coordinator position is shared equally by AWEA, BCI, and NREL;
additional funds are used for other required expenses for research and education. AWEA
assists with generating wind industry company support based on annual budget needs. All
funds for the BWEC will be sent to and administered by BCI. The Oversight Committee
approves final budgets based on input from other committees and the Program Coordinator.
The Program Coordinator is responsible for managing and administering funds for the BWEC.
Internal Communications Strategy
Quarterly. BWEC progress reports will be distributed to all Committees of the BWEC.
In addition, an e-Newsletter will be sent to all members of the BWEC and any interested
partners. The BWEC website will be reviewed and updated; any urgent needs will be
addressed immediately. The Oversight Committee will meet via conference call.
Annually. All committees of the BWEC will meet via conference call in January. The
Scientific Advisory Committee will meet via conference call prior to field season in the month of
March. A webinar will be conducted with all interested parties and potential funders to discuss
progress, plans for ongoing and new research, and to allow feedback (month to be determined
annually). Annually, the Oversight Committee, in cooperation with the Program Coordinator,
will review this Charter to ensure that it is relevant to the ongoing operating procedures of the
BWEC.
Communications Schedule
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Oversight committee conf. calls
Science committee conf. calls
If nec
All committee conf. call
Written progress updates
E-newsletters to all members
Workshops - as needed
Budget update/review
Annual Charter review
Scientific and Public Communication
Reporting Scientific Findings: When research projects are implemented directly
through the BWEC by the Program Coordinator as a principal investigator, the Coordinator will
follow the peer-review and dissemination process outlined in Figure 1. If during Steps 1-4 a
conflict arises among partners in regard to the reporting of findings, the Oversight Committee
shall resolve any such conflict with the Program Coordinator (which may include further
counsel from the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committees) prior to public release of
BWEC-sponsored publications and/or information. The Program Coordinator will prepare a
summary of the peer review comments from the SAC for the Oversight Committee and TAC to
assist in reaching consensus on the content of the final publication.
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As with any formal scientific review process, draft reports and manuscripts are
confidential and must NOT be shared until a final draft has been completed and agreed upon
(Step 5). ALL committee members reviewing draft reports and manuscripts must respect this
process to maintain the integrity of the cooperative and review process.
This process ensures that: 1) Scientific credibility is maintained, through review by the
Scientific Advisory Committee (and additional outside reviewers suggested by this committee);
2) All participating organizations in the cooperative are allowed adequate time to provide input
to reports prior to their release into the public domain; and 3) Potential conflicts in relation to
the reporting and dissemination of information can be resolved in as fair, equitable, and
credible a manner as possible.
When a participating organization wishes to have a consultant or other representative assist it
with reviewing any deliverables from a BWEC-sponsored project, they may do so during Step
3 of the review process, but must coordinate this with the BWEC Program Coordinator. Any
such representative of a participating organization (organization’s in-house representative OR
a consultant) must adhere to the above operating procedures during the review process.
Cooperating scientists receiving funds from BWEC need not follow the above mentioned
process, but will be required contractually to allow the Program Coordinator a reasonable
amount of time (at least 30 days) to review all products produced from BWEC funded research
before their release, and shall reasonably incorporate any comments in the final draft of these
products.
Public Affairs and Media: Information dissemination to the public is an important
aspect of the Cooperative, but can be contentious and counterproductive if not handled
carefully and professionally.
A.
Press Releases. The BWEC may desire to proactively develop and release
collective position statements or press releases on behalf of the Cooperative.
The Program Coordinator will facilitate the development of press releases
and/or position statements and any such statement or release must be
approved by consensus by the BWEC Oversight Committee.
B.
Media Fact Sheets. The BWEC Program Coordinator will continually prepare
fact sheets regarding project goals and objectives, as well as updates on key
findings and interpretation of results such that communications with the media
are based on up-to-date and facts agreed upon by the Oversight Committee.
C.
Media Communications. Participating organizations and individuals with the
BWEC will be contacted on occasion by members of the press for interviews
relating to specific projects or issues. When contacted by the press, all
members of BWEC committees, and individuals that are asked to comment
on BWEC business, will make an attempt, in good faith for the benefit of all
stakeholders in the Cooperative, to abide by the following procedures:
Upon initial contact from the media, individuals should schedule
the interview at a later time, allowing for sufficient time to allow
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contact with the Coordinator prior to the interview. This procedure
will allow time to inform the Oversight Committee, and others
involved, that an interview has been requested.
When discussing BWEC projects or speaking on behalf of the
Cooperative, individuals should adhere to the facts outlined in
current and past “fact sheets” and use these for key talking points
with the media.
No party will characterize the position of any other party in public
statements or in discussions with the press.
If consensus is not achieved or there is disagreement on a
particular project or issue among stakeholders of the Cooperative,
members agree that they will not subjectively characterize the
disagreement to the press beyond the facts that have been
outlined in fact sheets.
Literature Cited
Ahlen I. 2002. Fladdermoss och faglar dodade av windkraftverk. [Wind turbines and
bats-a pilot study]. Fauna and Flora 97: 14
–22.
Arnett, E. B., editor. 2005. Relationships between bats and wind turbines in
Pennsylvania and West Virginia: an assessment of bat fatality search protocols,
patterns of fatality, and behavioral interactions with wind turbines. A final report
submitted to the Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative. Bat Conservation International,
Austin, Texas, USA.
Arnett, E. B., K. Brown, W. P. Erickson, J. Fiedler, T. H. Henry, G. D. Johnson, J. Kerns,
R. R. Kolford, C. P. Nicholson, T. O’Connell, M. Piorkowski, and R. Tankersley, Jr.
2008. Patterns of fatality of bats at wind energy facilities in North America. Journal of
Wildlife Management 72: 61
–78.
Bach, L., and U. Rahmel. 2004. Summary of wind turbine impacts on bats
–
assessment of a conflict. Bremer Beiträge für Naturkunde und Naturschutz 7:
245
–252.
Brinkman, R. 2006. Survey of possible operational impacts on bats by wind facilities in
southern Germany. Report for Administrative District of Freiburg
– Department 56,
Conservation and Landscape Management. Ecological Consultancy, Gundelfingen,
Germany.
Dürr, T., and L. Bach. 2004. Bat deaths and wind turbines
– a review of current
knowledge, and of the information available in the database for Germany. Bremer
Beiträge für Naturkunde und Naturschutz 7: 253
–264.
Fiedler, J. K. 2004. Assessment of bat mortality and activity at Buffalo Mountain
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Windfarm, eastern Tennessee. Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee,
USA.
Fiedler, J. K., T. H. Henry, C. P. Nicholson, and R. D. Tankersley. 2007. Results of bat
and bird mortality monitoring at the expanded Buffalo Mountain windfarm,
2005. Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Hall, L. S., and G. C. Richards. 1972. Notes on Tadarida australis (Chiroptera:
Molossidae). Australian Mammalogy 1:46.
Johnson, G. D. 2005. A review of bat mortality at wind-energy developments in the
United States. Bat Research News 46: 45
–49.
Kerns, J., and P. Kerlinger. 2004. A study of bird and bat collision fatalities at the
Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, Tucker County, West Virginia: annual report for
2003. Unpublished report.
Kunz, T. H., E. B. Arnett, W. P. Erickson, G. D. Johnson, R. P. Larkin, M. D. Strickland,
R. W. Thresher, and M. D. Tuttle. 2007. Ecological impacts of wind energy
development on bats: questions, hypotheses, and research needs. Frontiers in Ecology
and the Environment: 5: 315
–324.
McLeish, T. 2002. Wind power. Natural New England 11: 60
–65.
Nicholson, C. P. 2003. Buffalo Mountain windfarm bird and bat mortality monitoring
report: October 2001
– September 2002. Unpublished report. Tennessee Valley
Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Orloff, S., and A. Flannery. 1992. Wind turbine effects on avian activity, habitat use,
and mortality in Altamont Pass and Solano County Wind Resource Areas, 1989
–1991.
Final Report to the California Energy Commission, Sacramento, California, USA.
Pasqualetti M., R. Richter, and P. Gipe. 2004. History of wind energy. Pages 419
–433
in C. J. Cleveland, editor. Encyclopedia of energy. Volume 6. Academic Press, San
Diego, California, USA.
Thelander, C. G., and L. Rugge. 2000. Bird risk behaviors and fatalities at the Altamont
Wind Resource Area. Pages 5
–14 in Proceedings of the National Avian-Wind Power
Planning Meeting III. National Wind Coordinating Committee/RESOLVE. Washington,
D.C., USA.
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Appendix A
THE BATS and WIND ENERGY COOPERATIVE
COMMITTEE TERMS 2008-2011
Dr. Cris Hein, Program Coordinator
Rebecca Patterson, Programs Admin.
Bat Conservation International
Bat Conservation International
P. O. Box 162603
P. O. Box 162603
Austin, TX 78716
Austin, TX 78716
chein@batcon.org
rpatterson@batcon.org
512-327-9721
512-327-9721
Michael Schirmacher, Biologist
Bat Conservation International
P. O. Box 162603
Austin, TX 78716
mschirmacher@batcon.org
843-327-9721
Oversight Committee
John Anderson
American Wind Energy Association
P.O. Box 1008
175 Kerwin Hill Road
Norwich, VT 05055
janderson@awea.org
202-383-2516
Christy Johnson-Hughes
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
4401 North Fairfax Drive M/S 840
Arlington, VA 22203
Christy_JohnsonHughes@fws.gov
703-358-1922
Dr. Robert Thresher
US Department of Energy
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1617 Cole Blvd.
Golden, CO 80401
Robert_Thresher@nrel.gov
303-384-6921
Dr. Ed Arnett
Bat Conservation International
P. O. Box 162603
Austin, TX 78716
earnett@batcon.org
512-327-9721
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THE BATS and WIND ENERGY COOPERATIVE
Scientific Advisory Committee
Dr. Robert Barclay
Biological Sciences
University of Calgary
Calgary, AB Canada T2N IN4
barclay@ucalgary.ca
403-220-3561 lab
403-220-3564 office
Dr. Paul Cryan
USGS
Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg C
Fort Collins, CO 8052
paul_cryan@usgs.gov
970-226-9389
Dr. John P. Hayes
University of Florida
Department of Wildlife Ecology &
Conservation
110 Newins-Ziegler Hall
Gainesville, FL 32611-0430
hayesj@
ufl
.edu
352-846-0552
Dr. Gareth Jones
University of Bristol
School of Biological Sciences
Woodland Road
Bristol B58 IUG UK
Gareth.Jones@bris.ac.uk
011-44-117-928-7575
Dr. Thomas H. Kunz
Boston University
Department of Biology
Boston, MA 02215
kunz@bio.bu.edu
617-353-2474
Dr. Rodrigo Medellín
Instituto de Ecología, UNAM
Circuito Exterior s/n junto al Jardín
Botánico Exterior
Ciudad Universitaria, D. F.
MEXICO 04510
medellin@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx
011-52-55-5622-9042
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THE BATS and WIND ENERGY COOPERATIVE
Technical Advisory Committee
Sam Enfield
Windline Development, LLC
4105 49
th
Street NW
Washington, D.C. 20016
senfield@maproyalty.com
202-966-6267
Michael Herder
Bureau of Land Management
Ely Field Office
HC33 Box 33500
Ely, NV 89301
Michael_Herder@blm.gov
775-289-1840
Scott Darling
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Dept.
271 North Main Street Suite 215
Rutland, VT 05701
scott.darling@state.vt.us
802-786-0040
Dennis Krusac
Forest Service
1720 Peachtree Rd., NW
Room 816N
Atlanta, GA 30309
dkrusac@fs.fed.us
404-347-4338
Jim Lindsay
Next Era Energy
700 Universe Blvd.
Juno Beach, FL 33408
jim_lindsay@nexteraenergy.com
561-691-7032
Tim Sullivan
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
New York Field Office (Region 5)
3817 Luker Rd.
Cortland, NY 13045
tim_sullivan@fws.gov
607-753-9334
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