Past Perfect - budowa

Czas Past Perfect to czas przeszły dokonany, nazywa się go także czasem zaprzeszłym, gdyż opisuje czynność, która dokonała się zanim rozpoczęła się inna czynność przeszła.

I realised I had left the briefcase at home.

Zdałem sobie sprawę, że zostawiłem aktówkę w domu (czyli najpierw zostawiłem aktówkę w domu - potem zdałem sobie z tego sprawę)

Tworzenie zdań w Past Perfect jest dość proste, mimo że jest to czas złożony. Elementy tego czasu są następujące:

 podmiot + had + czasownik w III formie.*

* Do czasowników regularnych dodamy końcówkę - (e)d

Oto kilka przykładów zdań w tym czasie:

We hadn't met him until we came to Warsaw.	Nie znaliśmy go zanim nie przyjechaliśmy do Warszawy.
By the time we reached the cinema, the film had already started.	Kiedy dotarliśmy do kina film się już zaczął.
Before I met him, I had never been in a serious relationship.	Zanim go spotkałam, nigdy nie byłam w poważnym związku.
I was shocked when I found out that Derek and Gina had got divorced.	Byłam zszokowana, kiedy dowiedziałam się, że Derek i Gina rozwiedli się.

Pyaia tworzymy w standardowy sposób - zamieniamy miejscami podmiot z operatorem:

Had he finished the presentation before all the lights went out?	Czy on skończył prezentację zanim zgasły wszystkie światla?
Had she already watched the movie before he arrived home?	Czy ona obejrzała ten film zanim on dotarł do domu?
Had they learnt about the accident before the police called them?	Czy oni dowiedzieli się o wypadku przed tym jak policja do nich dzwoniła?

Przeczenie uzyskujemy wstawiając not

She hadn't thought about baking a cake so we had to buy some biscuits.	Ona nie pomyślała o upieczeniu ciasta więc musieliśmy kupić jakieś herbatniki.
He hadn't ridden a horse before so his first steps in the saddle were painful.	On wcześniej nie jeździł konno więc jego pierwsze kroki w siodle były bolesne.
The castle hadn't been inhabited for a long time so when the court arrived they had to sleep on the floor in the main hall.	Zamek nie był zamieszkany od dłuższego czasu, więc kiedy dwór przyjechał musieli spać na podłodze w głównej sali. (strona bierna)

Past Perfect opisuje czynność, która dokonała się zanim rozpoczęła się inna czynność przeszła.

When Tom arrived late at night, Sue had already gone to bed.	Kiedy Tom przyjechał późno w nocy, Sue już poszła spać.
Mum had cooked dinner before I came.	Mama ugotowała obiad zanim przyszedłem (więc był już gotowy i nie musiałem na niego czekać.)

Czas ten opisuje także czynność dokonaną przed określonym momentem w przeszłości.

By that time we had finished all our tasks.	Do tego czasu skończyliśmy wszystkie nasze zadania.
Had you been to France before the last trip?	Byłeś we Francji przed tą ostatnią wycieczką?

Past Perfect użyjemy także aby wyrazić zamiar, postanowienie, które nie doszło do skutku.

She had hoped to meet him finally.	Ona miała nadzieje, że go w końcu pozna. (ale go nie poznała)
They had really wanted to come on time.	Oni naprawdę chcieli przybyć punktualnie. (ale się nie udało)

W zdaniach warunkowych (III okres warunkowy)

If I had met you two years ago I wouldn't have married Mike.	Gdybym cię spotkała dwa lata temu, nie wyszłabym za Mike'a. (ale nie spotkałam)
She wouldn't have bought that house if she had known it was so ruined.	Nie kupiłaby tego domu, gdyby wiedziała, że jest taki zrujnowany. (ale nie wiedziała i teraz mieszka w ruderze)

Zdania z "wish", jeżeli życzenia dotyczą przeszłości.

I wish I had changed my job then.	Żałuję, że nie zmieniłem wtedy pracy.
She wishes she hadn't bought him this present.	Ona żałuje, że kupiła mu ten prezent.

 

Typowe słówka dla tego czasu to:

before	przed
after	po
by that time	do tego czasu

Polecenie: Put the verb into the correct form.

Początek formularza

1. By the time I appeared at Bill's place, he
   already/get very drunk.

2. Tom fell in love with me and wanted to marry me but I
   already/marry someone else.

3. Helen
   visit Paris several times before so she was our guide there.

4. My flat looked really nice because my daughter
   just/clean it.

5. She was frightened as she
   never/dive in such deep water before.

6. I felt awful because I
   eat far too much for lunch.

7. Mary
   go to bed before her husband returned from his journey.

8. I
   know about Tom's problems long before I spoke to him.

9. By the time Jack climbed to the top of the mountain, we
   already/start going down.

10. I told you that Mark
    take my money from the table before.

Polecenie: Make a question.

Początek formularza

1. Peter had watched all movies before we arrived.
   

2. He had served in the army for ten years.
   

3. I had taken my children to the zoo many times before.
   

4. By that time we had got your telegram.
   

5. They had gone home when they turned up at the party.
   

6. I had taught English for a year before I changed my job.
   

7. Jane had attended various art classes before she became a painter.
   

8. The show had started by the time we took our seats.
   

9. Mark had become irritated by the time we reached the place.
   

10. They had swum in the Red Sea before.

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using negatives.

Początek formularza

1. Ann
   not/wear that dress until I told her it was very beautiful.

2. I
   not/think about buying drinks so we went to the store to get them.

3. The room still looked nice because Helen
   not/change the furniture.

4. Tom was very nervous as he
   not/take such a difficult exam before.

5. His English
   not/improve much until he went to London.

6. I
   not/ask her that question before and I was a bit ashamed.

7. Kevin told me that he
   not/date any girls before.

8. I
   not/play bridge many times before so I was very bad at it.

9. My friends were very excited because they
   not/travel by ferry before.

10. Jane
    not/open the letter from Mick until I was home.

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using Past Perfect:

Początek formularza

1. When we finally found his house, everyone
   already/leave for a club in town.

2. 
   the driver/talk to you or
   stay in his car before the police arrived?

3. If I
   know you were ill, I would have visited you and brought you flowers.

4. I was more than happy to see Tom again as I
   not/see him for ages.

5. I'm sorry but I
   really/intend to be punctual for your show.

6. She
   not/speak to Michael before because she was too shy to start a conversation.

7. 
   you/be in the National Museum before we went there last month?

8. Tim wouldn't have fallen in love with her if she
   not/work at the same company with him.

9. Do you wish you
   not/say all those nasty words to her?

10. This was the first time I
    dance salsa in the night club.

Polecenie: Put the verb into the correct form.

Początek formularza

1. When I arrived at the party, some guests
   already/leave.

2. My wife
   do all her work before I got home after the meeting.

3. I didn't want to go to London because I
   be there many times before.

4. By the time we came back home, my children
   already/make a huge mess.

5. Natalie and I
   finish our lunch before the restaurant closed.

6. After she
   pass her exams, she went on holiday with her friends.

7. By the time we reached the theatre, the play
   already/begin.

8. She said she
   see the Monet exhibition in Paris before.

9. When they joined us at the cafe, I
   already/drink my coffee.

10. John
    play poker many times before so he was very confident of winning.

Polecenie: Make a question.

Początek formularza

1. She had been to America before.
   

2. We had left the party before Sue came.
   

3. I had found a new job before they fired me.
   

4. They had hired many people by that time.
   

5. She had disappeared by the time we turned up.
   

6. Susan had spent all her money before I arrived.
   

7. I had worked in the same kind of company before.
   

8. They had completed their tasks before their boss returned.
   

9. John had driven a sports car before I did it.
   

10. She had written many novels by that time.
    

Dół formularza

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using negatives.

Początek formularza

1. I
   not/fly in such a fast plane before so I was really excited.

2. Joe
   not/see the woman who came in the office before.

3. The house was dirty because we
   not/clean it for weeks.

4. I was starving because I
   not/have anything to eat since morning.

5. Mike
   not/ride a horse before so he was a bit nervous.

6. I
   not/do any work until my colleague came and helped me.

7. Kate
   not/buy a new flat until she inherited some money.

8. My brother was furious because he
   not/expect such bad weather.

9. I
   not/draw such a good picture for a long time so I was really proud of myself.

10. My mother
    not/bake that kind of cake before but it tasted very good.

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using Past Perfect:

Początek formularza

1. Jenny was very depressed because she
   fail her exam and she had to resit it in September.

2. She
   not/close her eyes until I lied down next to her and hugged her.

3. By the time Jack decided to speak to her, she
   already/become bored and she
   go home.

4. I admitted that I
   live in England in the past and that I
   meet my future wife there.

5. When Kate and Joe reached the airport, the plane to Asia
   already/take off.

6. It was raining when we went out and we were angry because we
   forget to take our umbrellas.

7. 
   Michael/try to kiss you or
   he/be rude to you before I came?

8. I didn't have to pack my bag because my wife
   do it for me before.

9. I wish I
   study foreign languages when I was young.

10. We
    not/like her at all until we invited her to our party and she turned out to be a very nice girl.Dół formularza

Dół formularza

Dół formularza

Dół formularza

Dół formularza

Dół formularza

Dół formularza