Reported Speech
po wprowadzeniu w czasie przeszłym, stosujemy zasadę następstwa czasów (cofamy się o jeden czas)
`I often visit my friends,' John said.
John told me that he often visited his friends.
Simple Present Simple Past
2. `Jane is cooking dinner now,' John said.
John said that Jane was cooking dinner then.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
3. `They have already left'.
John informed me that they had already left.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
4. `John has been studying chemistry for 4 years.
Bob said John had been studying chemistry for 4 years.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
5. `Tom bought a new house two years ago'.
Mary told me that Tom had bought a house two years before.
Simple Past Past Perfect
6. `Jane was cleaning her room when I came'.
Mary said that Jane had been cleaning the room.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
7. `I will do my homework in the evening'.
John told me he would do his homework in the evening.
Future would + bezokolicznik
Questions
pytania przyjmują formę zdania twierdzącego
`Do you live in Warsaw?'
He wanted to know if / whether I lived in Warsaw.
`Are you enjoying yourself?'
He asked me if/ whether I was enjoying myself.
`When do you usually get up?'
He enquired when I usually got up.
Tryb rozkazujący.
`Do it now, John'.
Father told John to do it then.
`Don't do it Jane'.
Mother told Jane not to do it.
conditionals
I II II III
modalne
will would can could may might must have to
here there
now then
today that day
tomorrow the next day
next week, month etc. the following week, month etc.
yesterday the day before, the previous day
last week, month etc. the week before, the previous week
this that
these those