Conditional Clauses

I. dotyczy przyszłości

If John works hard, he will pass the exam.

[if present, will + bezokolicznik]

II. dotyczy teraźniejszości, zdania niemożliwe do spełnienia

If John worked hard, he would pass the exam.

[if past, would + bezokolicznik]

If I were you, I wouldn't meet him so often.

If John were more intelligent, he would solve the problem.

If she had wings, she would fly.

III. dotyczy przeszłości, zdania niemożliwe do spełnienia

If John had worked hard, he would have passed the exam.

[if past perfect, would have + III forma]

• unless = if not

czyli po unless nie występuje w zdaniu przeczenie

I won't help you unless you pay me some money. = I won't help you if you don't pay me some money.

John will not go to London unless his aunt invites him. = John will not go to London if his aunt doesn't invite him.

• Mixed

If you had put your coat on, you wouldn't be wet now. [III, II]

If I were you, I wouldn't have told John about it. [II, III]

If you feel ill, go to the doctor.

If you are hungry, take a sandwich.

• podobne konstrukcje

suppose/ supposing

Suppose/ supposing you won a million dollars, what would you do?

if only

If only you had told me the truth , everything would have ended happily.