TWÓJ BIOTECHNOLOG

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Zn + 2H⁺→Zn²⁺+H₂↑

3Zn + 8 H⁺ +2NO₃^-→3Zn²⁺+ 2NO↑+4H₂O

Zn +2OH^-+2H₂O→Zn(OH)₄^2-

Mg + 2H⁺→Mg²⁺ + H₂

MgCO₃+ 2H⁺→Mg²⁺ H₂O+CO₂

3Mg+ 8 H⁺+2 NO₃^-→3Mg²⁺+ 2NO↑+4H₂O

Cu +2NO₃^-+4H⁺→Cu²⁺+2NO₂↑+2H₂O

3Cu + 8 H⁺ +2NO₃^-→3Cu²⁺+ 2NO↑+4H₂O

Cu +4H⁺ +SO₄^2-→Cu²⁺+SO₂ +2 H₂O

CuS + 4H⁺+2 NO₃^-→Cu²⁺+ 2NO + S +2H₂O

Sn + H⁺+NO₃^-→H₂SnO₃↓+NO(SnO₂*H₂O)

Sn + 8H⁺+2 SO₄^2-→Sn⁴⁺ +2SO₂ +4 H₂O

Sn +2HCl→ SnCl₂+H₂

2Ag + H⁺+ SO₄^2-→2 Ag⁺+SO₂ +2 H₂O

3As₂S₃ +28HNO₃+4H₂O→6H₃AsO₄+9H₂SO₄+28NO↑

2Al +2OH^-+6H₂O→2Al(OH)₄^-+3H₂↑

8Al +3NO₃^-+18H₂O+5OH^-→3NH₃↑+Al(OH)₄^-(st.Devarda-Zn +Al)

SiO₃^2-+2H⁺→H₂SiO₃↓

SiO₃^2-+2H⁺+H₂O→H₂SiO₄↓

AgCl↓+2(NH₃*H₂O)→[Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl+2H₂O

Au +4H⁺+4Cl^-+NO₃^-→AuCl₄^-+NO↑+2H₂O

Co(NH₃)₆²⁺→Co²⁺+6NH₃ Cd(NH₃)₄²⁺↔Cd²⁺+4NH₃

PbCl₃^-↔Pb²⁺+3Cl^- SnCL₃^-↔Sn²⁺+3Cl^-

Zn(CN)₄^2-↔Zn²⁺+4CN^- Hg(CN)₄^2-↔Hg²⁺+4CN^-

FeF₅^2-↔Fe³⁺+5F^- AlF₆^3-↔Al³⁺+6F^-

Topniki

a)zasadowe

-Na₂CO₃,K₂CO₃-, Na₂CO₃+K₂CO₃,stosuje się naczynia z Pt,Zr,grafit(500-1000)

-Na₂O₂ naczynia Fe NI Zr Ag

-Na₂CO₃+NaNO₃,-NaOH+KCN

Na₂CO₃+CaSiO₃→Na₂SiO₃+CaCO₃ , Na₂CO₃+BaSO₄→Na₂SO₄+BaCO₃,SnO₂+KCN→Sn +KOCN

B)kwasne

-K₂S₂O₇→K₂SO₄+SO₃, K₂S₂O₇₊Al₂O₃→K₂SO₄+Al₂(SO₄)₃ naczynia porcelana i Pt.

-B₂O₃, KHF₂

nastawianie miana na HCL

Na₂CO₃ + 2 HCL →2NaCl +H₂O+2CO₂

Na₂B₄O₇+2HCl+ 5H₂O=4H₃BO₃+2NaCL

HgO+4KI+H₂O=K₂HgI₄+2KOH

Nastawianie miana na NaOH

(COOH)₂+2NaOH=(COONa)₂+2H₂O

KH(IO₃)₂+NaOH=KIO₃+ NaIO₃+ H₂O

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