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GRAMMAR

MODAL VERBS (1)

Have (got) to

Positive

I have (got) to clean my room.

He/she has (got) to clean his/her room.

We have (got) to clean our room

Negative
I don't have to clean my room
He doesn't have to clean his room
We don't have to clean our room.

Questions

Do I have to clean my room?
Does he have to clean his room?
Do they have to clean their room?

Short answers
Yes, you have (got) to (clean your room)
No, you don't have to.

We use have (got) to to express rules and obligation:

My dad says I have (got) to stay at home and clean my room (I have no choice)
I can't come out tonight. I have (got) to do my homework (I have no choice)

UWAGA Remember that have got is also used to express possession:

I have (got) two cats (they belong to me)
I have (got) two sisters and a brother.

Must

Positive

Negative

I must practise more.

I mustn't practice more

He must practise more

He mustn't practice more.

Questions

Short answers

Must I practise more?

Yes, you must.

Yes, you do

Do I have to practise more?

We use must for rules, obligation and for strong advice:

Students must wear a tie at school. (rule)
I must do my homework. (obligation)
You must wear a warm coat if you go to the mountains. (strong advice)

UWAGA Must or have (got) to? Both forms are generally the same, but we often use have (got) to for
obligations which come from someone/somewhere else and must for obligations from the self:

I have got to write this essay for school (My teacher told me to do it)
I must find my keys.

(I need to find them)

Should

Positive

Negative

I should eat more healthy food.

I shouldn't eat more healthy food.

He should eat more healthy food.

He shouldn't eat more healthy food.

We should eat more healthy food.

We shouldn't eat more healthy food.

Questions

Short answers

Should I eat more healthy food?

Yes, you should.

Should he eat more healthy food?

No, he shouldn't

Should we eat more healthy food?

We use should for advice and suggestions:

You should work harder at school.

(advice/suggestion)

Should I buy tea or coffee?

(asking for advice/suggestion)

Practice (1)
Use must, have (got) to or should to finish these sentences. Sometime more than one answer may be
possible:

0)  You ................... be polite when you meet the Queen.
0)  You ................ always lock the door before you leave the house.
0)  We ................................. buy a ticket because it's free to go in.
0)  Remember: you ...................... touch the red button. It's very dangerous.
0)  ............... I wear the red trousers or the black ones?  I don't know.
0)  ............................... clean the car? I want to go out with my friends.
0)  I ......................... read these three books for my class tomorrow.
0)  You ........................ show respect to people who are older than you.

Practice (2)
Use must, have (got) to or should to write a response to these sentences. Think carefully if you need
to use advice/suggestion or obligation:

0)  I don't know which dress to wear: the red one or the blue one.

............................................................................................................

0) Tell me some of the rules at your school.

............................................................................................................

0) Why can't you come out with us tonight?

.............................................................................................................

0) Have you got any questions about your new job?

........................................................................................................

0) I'm going to visit Krakow. Give me some advice about what to do there.

.............................................................................................................

VOCABULARY

ADJECTIVES

Check your understanding of these words in a dictionary if necessary and then try to use a suitable
adjective in the sentences below:

wonderful

delicious

generous

messy

happy

horrible

rich

useful

beautiful

handsome

difficult

creative

interesting

expensive

boring

fantastic

relaxed

frightened

careful

strict

0)  He's such a ...................... man. All the girls love him.
0)  That lesson was very ..................... I almost fell asleep.
0)  John has bought an ..................... new car. His family has a lot of money.
0)  When Hermann won the lottery, he gave me some money. He's very ....................
0)  Our new teacher is very ......................... He shouts at us and give a lot of homework.
0)  It was a ......................... party. I've never had so much fun!
0)  This soup is ................................ I think I’m going to be sick!
0)  The couple got married two years ago and they are still ...........................
0)  This maths exercise is quite ................................ Will you help me?
0)  He never cleans his room and it is so ............................

Vocabulary from the unit:
belong to – należeć do
delicious - wyśmienity
fantastic - fantastyczny
fall asleep - zasnąć
frighten – przestraszyć, przerazić
generous – szczodry, hojny
handsome - przystojny
horrible – straszny, przerażający
lock - zamknąć
messy – brudny (w tym wypadku chodzi o bałagan)
obligation – obowiązek, zobowiązanie
polite – grzeczny, uprzejmy
possession – posiadanie, własność
relaxed  - zrelaksowany
respect - szacunek
rich - pogaty
rules – zasady, reguły
shout at – krzyczeć na
strict - surowy
suitable – odpowiedni, właściwy
useful – użyteczny, przydatny

LESSON 10 – answer key
GRAMMAR
Practice 1
0.  You must/should/have (got) to be polite when you meet the Queen.
0.  You should/must always lock the door before you leave the house.
0.  We don’t have to buy a ticket because it's free to go in.
0.  Remember: you mustn’t touch the red button. It's very dangerous.
0.  Should I wear the red trousers or the black ones? I don't know.
0.  Do I have to clean the car? I want to go out with my friends.
0.  I have to read these three books for my class tomorrow.
0.  You should/must show respect to people who are older than you.

Practice (2)
Suggested answers:

0.  I don't know which dress to wear: the red one or the blue one.

You should wear the blue one.

0. Tell me some of the rules at your school.

We have to wear shorts.

0. Why can't you come out with us tonight?

I have to clean my room.

0. Have you got any questions about your new job?

Do I have to wear a dress?

0. I'm going to visit Krakow. Give me some advice about what to do there.

You should see the Wawel.

VOCABULARY
Practice 1
0. He's such a handsome/interesting/rich/wonderful/fantastic/polite man. All the girls love him.
0. That lesson was very boring. I almost fell asleep.