plik

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

Jeroen Bosch:

Aspects of a mobile pawn-
centre

In his Secrets of Modern Chess Strategy
(Gambit, 1998), John Watson notes that
‘one of the most confusing aspects of
positional chess involves the values and
drawbacks of a large, mobile pawn-centre.’
Indeed, should or should you not take up as
much space in the centre with your pawns
when your opponent allows you to do so?
In openings like the Alekhine, the Pirc, the
Modern, the King’s Indian and the
Grunfeld-Indian Black allows the first
player to form a large pawn-centre, which
is very often a ‘mobile’ one as well.

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King’s-Indian Four Pawns Attack

How on earth can you get away with a
position as in the above diagram? How
can it be that the Grunfeld has resisted all
attempts at refutation so far, and is still
going strong at the highest level?
In his Veldheerschap op 64 Velden
(Elsevier, 1977, later translated as The
Development of Chess Style and expanded
upon by John Nunn) Max Euwe groups
together players like Alekhine,
Boguljubov, Breyer, Nimzowitsch and
Reti. In his opinion, these players
developed two new approaches with regard
to central strategy:

1. It is not the width or full range of the

centre, but its strength which matters, and

2. It is often favourable to postpone the

advance of the central pawns as long as the
opponent does not have the chance to form
an equally strong pawn centre.

Both of these points have to do with the
vulnerability of a large centre. In this short
article we cannot resolve all the large
questions that have been posed in this
introduction, but what we can do is note a
few aspects of a large mobile pawn-centre.

On the positive side we will see:
- Pieces - when they are ready to support
the advance of the central pawns - will be
very actively placed.
- That a broad pawn-centre can ‘suffocate’
or stifle the opponent.
- That as a consequence of mobile pawn-
centre we can often embark on a kingside
attack.
- That a mobile pawn-centre can be worth
as much as a piece.

On the downside, a mobile pawn-centre
runs the risk:
- Of being undermined.
- Of being blocked (and perhaps later
destroyed).
- Of being separated by a pawn sacrifice.
- Of being lured forward without proper
support.

It was Nimzowitsch who called our
attention to the fact that it wasn´t enough
to just push the pawns in the centre. It was,
according to him, essential that the pieces
were ready to follow in line and take up the
central positions (behind the pawns). As a
tribute it is only right that we start with an
example out of Nimzowitsch' own practice.
Black, clearly, has played the opening
badly.

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

Nimzowitsch : Romi, London 1927

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16.Bf6!?
In order to push e3–e4. 16.Be1 is also
strong. 16.e4 can be met by 16...Ne4
although even here White is better: 17.Be7
Nc3 18.Nc3 Ke7.
16...Bf6 17.e4 Ne6 18.e5 Be7 19.f4
The pawns are simply rolling forward.
19...Nc7
19...0–0–0.
20.f5! Nb5
20...0–0–0.
21.Rhf1
White can also play the sharp 21.e6! fe6
22.fe6 Bc8 (22...Be6 23.Bb5 ab5 24.Nf4
Bf7 25.Ng6 Bg6 26.Qg6 Kd7 27.Rhe1)
23.Rhf1 with a huge attack.
21...Qb6?
Or 21...Rf8 22.e6.
22.Bb5 ab5 23.Nf4
Even stronger was 23.e6! fe6 24.fe6+–.
23...b4 24.Ncd5!
After this 'sacrifice' everything becomes
clear:
24...cd5 25.Nd5 Qa5 26.Nc7 Kd8 27.Na8
Qa8 28.d5+– Qc8 29.Qe4 Re8 30.Rc1
Qb8 31.e6 Bb5 32.Qd4 b6 33.d6 Bf6
33...Bd6 34.Rfd1 Ke7 35.Qg7+–;
33...Qd6 34.Rfd1+–.
34.e7 Kd7 35.Qd5 Bf1? 36.Qc6 mate.
1:0.

The benefit of a huge preponderance of
central pawns is often that the opponent
will have no breathing space. The
following example (taken from John
Watson) is a case in point.

Karpov : Miles, Biel 1992

1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4 3.Bd2 Bd2 4.Qd2 b6
5.Nc3 Bb7 6.e4 Nh6 7.f4!

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Miles plays provocatively, perhaps with
the success of his 1...a6 (Skara 1980) in
mind? Karpov will have none of it and
simply takes up as much space and centre
as possible.
7...f5 8.e5 Nf7 9.0–0–0 g5
Trying to nibble away at White's centre.
10.Nf3 Rg8 11.Be2 Na6 12.h3 gf4 13.Qf4
Qe7
Or 13...Rg2 14.Rhg1 Rg6 15.Nh4 Rg5
16.Bh5!+–.
14.g4! fg4 15.hg4 Ng5 16.d5 Nf3 17.Bf3
Also strong was 17.Ne4! 0–0–0 18.Bf3±.
17...0–0–0
17...Rf8 18.Qe3±.
18.Rh6
18.Ne4.
18...Rg7?! 19.Rf6± ed5 20.cd5

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Black lacks breathing space, and has
difficulty finding squares for his pieces.

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

20...Re8 21.g5 Kb8 22.Bh5 Reg8 23.Bf7
Rc8 24.e6 de6 25.de6 Nb4
25...Nc5 26.b4!+–.
26.a3+– Nc6 27.b4! Qf8 28.Nd5 Qd6
29.e7 Rf7?
29...Qf4 30.Nf4 Ne7 31.Ne6+–.
30.Rf7 Qe6 31.Rf8 Ne5 32.Rc8 Bc8
33.Qf6 Qh3 34.Qe5 Qa3 35.Kd2 1:0.

When you are the proud owner of a mobile
pawn-centre, then this will often enable
you to launch a successful kingside attack.
Karpov's successor was of course well-
known for this ability.

Kasparov - Ivanovic, Niksic 1983

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3 c5 5.a3
Bc3 6.bc3 0–0 7.Bd3 d5 8.cd5 ed5 9.Ne2
b6 10.f3 Re8 11.0–0 Ba6 12.Ng3 Bd3
13.Qd3 Nc6 14.Bb2 c4 15.Qd2

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9zP-zP-zPPsN-0
9-vL-wQ-+PzP0
9tR-+-+RmK-0
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Black has chosen a complex Nimzo-Indian
- he has an edge on the queenside, but he
provides White with a lot of leeway in the
centre. Kasparov prepares e3–e4.
15...Qd7
Stronger is 15...h5 16.Rae1 (Black can
defend after the immediate 16.e4 de4
17.Qg5 g6 18.Nf5 Nh7) 16...h4 17.Nh1 but
even here, in a practical game, it is difficult
to contain White's centre: (17.Nf5 Ne7 has
brought White little in practice.) 17...Re6
18.Nf2 Qe7 19.Re2 Re8 20.Rfe1 Nh5
21.e4 Na5 22.Bc1 Nb3 23.Qg5 Nc1
24.Qc1 b5 25.f4 f5 26.e5, Volkov : Del
Rio Angelis, Vrachati 2011.
16.Rae1 h5?! 17.e4 g6
17...de4 18.fe4 h4 and now 19.Nf5 Ne4

20.Qf4 and White has transformed his
advantage into a winning attack: 20...Qd5
21.Qg4 (21.Re4+–) 21...g6 22.Nh6 Kg7
23.Rf7 Kh6 24.Bc1 mate will follow.
18.Bc1!
Including his final piece into the attack.
18...Nh7 19.Qh6 Re6? 20.f4! Ne7
20...Rae8 21.f5 gf5 22.Qh5 fe4 23.Nf5+–.
21.f5

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21…gf5 22.Qh5 de4 23.Nf5 Nf5 24.Rf5
24.Qf5 Re7 25.Qd7 Rd7 26.Re4 also wins.
24...Rae8
And Kasparov had transformed his mobile
centre into a winning attack. 24...f6 25.Qg4
Qg7 26.Re4 Qg4 27.Rg4 Kf7 28.d5+–.
25.Re3 Rg6 26.Rh3 1:0.

A mobile pawn centre is often more
valuable than a piece. There are numerous
examples in the King's Indian where White
sacrifices a piece to destroy Black's pawn
chain, but let's take a famous example from
the 1935 World Championship's match:
Euwe : Alekhine, Zandvoort(26) 1935

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9PzP-+P+-zP0
9tR-+-+R+K0
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1.Nf5!

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

Sacrificing a piece for connected passed
pawns in the centre.
1...Bc3 2.Nd6 Qb8 3.Ne4 Bf6 4.Nd2 g5
5.e4 gf4 6.gf4 Bd4 7.e5 Qe8 8.e6 Rg8
Alekhine is rightly complicating the game.

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9tR-+-+R+K0
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9.Nf3
An accurate move now was 9.Qh3! as
Euwe later indicated. But not 9.ed7? Qe2!
9.Qd3!? is also strong.
9...Qg6 10.Rg1!
Back on track! This is the only right way to
continue. 10.Ng5 is met by 10...Ne5!
10...Bg1 11.Rg1 Qf6?
Correct was 11...Qf5! 12.ed7! (12.Ng5?!
h6 (12...Rg5 13.Rg5 Qe4) 13.Nf7 Kh7
Black is better) 12...Rg1 13.Kg1 Qd7
(13...Qf4 14.Qc3 Kg8 15.Ne5 unclear)
14.Kf2 and White is somewhat better.
12.Ng5!

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12…Rg7
12...h6? 13.Nf7 Kh7 14.Qd3 Rg6 15.Ne5!
Ne5 16.fe5 Qg7 17.h4! winning, but not
17.d6? Qb7–+ 18.Qd5 Rg1 19.Kg1 Qg7
20.Qg2 Rg8! 21.Qg7 Kg7–+.
13.ed7 Rd7 14.Qe3

14.Ne6.
14...Re7 15.Ne6 Rf8 16.Qe5!? Qe5 17.fe5
Rf5 18.Re1
Or 18.Rg5 Rg5 (18...Rf2 19.Nd8)
19.Ng5+–.
18...h6 19.Nd8! Rf2 20.e6
Now the pawns are simply too strong.
20...Rd2 21.Nc6 Re8 22.e7 b5 23.Nd8!
Kg7 24.Nb7 Kf6 25.Re6 Kg5 26.Nd6 Re7
27.Ne4 1:0.

Sometimes a central pawn has to be pushed
to create a square (and an attack) for a
piece. The following sacrifice is standard
in Benoni-positions.

Bosch - Compagnie, Dieren 2001

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18.e5! de5 19.f5!
That's the idea - a White knight now has
access to e4 and the f-pawn tears away at
Black's kingside.
19...Qa5?! 20.fg6 fg6 21.Nge4 Rf8 22.d6
Now square d5 also becomes available.
22...Rf1?! 23.Rf1 b6? 24.Qd5 Kh8
25.Qf7 Ndf8 26.Bc4 1:0.

Euwe's piece sacrifice has a modern
equivalent in the Nimzo-Indian. in a
famous game Anand demonstrated his
superb opening preparation.

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

Anand : Wang, Wijk aan Zee 2011

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16.Nd4!
A novelty at the time, although the idea
was known in similar positions. White will
obtain our familiar mobile pawn centre.
16...ed4 17.cd4 Nbc6 18.Qc3 Ne7
19.Rfd1 Rad8?
The other rook had to be moved to d8.
19...Rfd8 20.Bf2 Nac6 21.Rab1 Qf4
(21...Rd7 22.Bh4!) 22.d5 (Anand).
20.Bf2 a6 21.Bg3
Now the bishop threatens to go to d6.
21...Qc8 22.Bf1

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It's remarkable how quietly White can
play. There is no need to hurry in pushing
the pawns forward. Black lacks good
squares for his knights in particular.
22...b6
22...Nac6 23.Bd6+–.
23.Rab1 Nb3 24.Rb3 Bb3 25.Qb3 bc5
And according to Anand White is
technically winning.
26.d5 Ng6 27.Qb6 f5 28.Ba6 Qd7 29.Bb5
Qf7 30.ef5 Qf5 31.Qc5 Rc8 32.Qd4 Rfd8
33.a4 1:0.

We have seen how great it can be to be the
proud possessor of a mobile pawn centre.
The Hypermodernists taught us of course
that things aren't always that simple. They
demonstrates techniques of playing against
the centre (not possessing it themselves
with pawns). The did so in openings like
the Alekhine and especially the Grunfeld-
Indian - which is a major weapon for Black
to this very day.

Gligoric : Smyslov, Kiev 1959

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16...f5 17.e5
17.Ng3 Qd7.
17...c4
And here we observe the first technique.
Smyslov has blocked White's centre. Note
the strength of his light-squared bishop on
the long diagonal.
18.Bc2 Nc6 19.g4
Trying to mobilize his centre or to gain
access to Black's king. This move in fact
weakens White's position even further.
19.Rcd1 Ne7 20.Bc1 Nd5 and White lacks
counterplay.
19...Ne7 20.Kh2 Qc6 21.Ng3 b5 22.a4 a6
23.Rb1 Rab8 24.Bd2 ba4!?
Smyslov opts for a dynamic solution. Also
good are 24...Ba8 and 24...Qd7.
25.Ra1 Ba8 26.Ba4 Qc7 27.Ra2 Rb6
28.gf5 ef5 29.Bc1 Nd5 30.Ne2 a5 31.Bc2
31.Ba3!? Rb3!? (31...Bf8 32.Bc5!;
31...Nb4!? 32.cb4 ab4 unclear).
31...Rb3! 32.Bb3 cb3 33.Ra4 Bf8
33...Bc6.
34.Bb2
34.c4.
34...Ne3!

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

34...Bc6.
35.Rfa1
Or 35.Qe3 Qc6 36.d5 Rd5!–+.
35...Nc4 36.Ng3 Be7 37.Nf1? Qc6 38.Rc4
Qh1! 39.Kg3 h5

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9-+RzP-zP-+0
9+pzP-+-mKP0
9-vL-+-wQ-+0
9tR-+-+N+q0
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and White cannot avoid mate. A very
impressive win by Smyslov! 0:1.

A well-known position from the match of
the previous century. Fischer now first
creates a Black centre only to undermine it
(second technique) on his net move.

Fischer : Spassky, Reykjavik (6) 1972

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19.Ne6! fe6 20.e4! d4?
Black's centre is undermined and nearly
blocked - it has lost all its fleibility.
20...Nf6 21.ed5 ed5 22.Bf3± Timman;
20...c4 21.Qh3 Qf7 22.Bh5 Qe7 (22...g6?
23.Bg4+–) 23.ed5 ed5 24.Rfe1 Qf6
25.Bg4+– Timman.
21.f4 Qe7 22.e5 Rb8 23.Bc4 Kh8
In case of 23...Nb6 there is 24.Qb3!+– Tal,
winning a pawn and the game.
24.Qh3 Nf8 25.b3 a5 26.f5 ef5 27.Rf5

White now obtains a huge attack.
27...Nh7 28.Rcf1 Qd8 29.Qg3 Re7 30.h4
Rbb7 31.e6! Rbc7 32.Qe5 Qe8 33.a4 Qd8
34.R1f2 Qe8 35.R2f3 Qd8 36.Bd3 Qe8
37.Qe4 Nf6
37...Re6 fails to 38.Rf8 Nf8 39.Rf8 Qf8
40.Qh7 mate.
38.Rf6 gf6 39.Rf6 Kg8 40.Bc4 Kh8
41.Qf4 1:0.

Pribyl : Uhlmann, Brno 1975

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13...c5
Uhlmann sacrifices a pawn to 'divert' his
opponent's centre. Consequently it loses all
its strength.
14.dc5 Qc7! 15.cb6 ab6 16.Rb1 Nc4
Black has magnificent positional
compensation.
17.Bc4 Qc4 18.Rb4 Qa2 19.Qa2 Ra2
20.Re1 Rc8 21.Bb6 Ba6! 22.Nd4 Bd3
23.h3 Rc3
Or 23...Bf8 24.Rb3 e5 25.Nf3 f6.
24.Nf3 Rc8 25.e5 Be2 26.Bd4
26.Rb3 Rb8!;
26.Nd4 Be5 (26...Ba6!?) 27.Rbb1 Bd4
28.Bd4 and White draws despite his minus
pawn.
26...Bf3! 27.gf3 Bh6
White is suffering and eventually lost:
28.Re4 Bd2 29.Rb1 Rc4 30.Rd1?! Kg7
31.Kg2 g5 32.h4 h6 33.hg5 hg5 34.Kg3
Kg6 35.Kg4 Bf4 36.Rh1 Rd4!
36...Raa4 37.Rd1 Rcb4 38.Kh3 Kf5
39.Kg2 g4 40.Rd3 Rc4 41.Rd1 Ra3–+.
37.Rd4 Be5 38.Rd8 f5 39.Kh3 Rf2
40.Rd3 Kh5 0:1.

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

Another technique is to lure the opponent's
centre forward to such an etent that it can
no longer be protected by its pieces.

Letelier : Fischer, Leipzig 1960

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 0–0
5.e5?!
White's centre looks imposing, but Fischer
has provoked it forward on purpose.
5...Ne8 6.f4 d6 7.Be3?!
Having provoked it forward Letelier's
centre can now be undermined and
destroyed. Better was 7.Nf3 de5 8.de5 Qd1
9.Nd1.
7...c5! 8.dc5 Nc6! 9.cd6?!
9.Nf3.
9...ed6 10.Ne4?
10.Be2.
10...Bf5 11.Ng3
No better is 11.Nd6 Nd6 12.Qd6 Qd6
(Even stronger is 12...Qe8!) 13.ed6 Bb2
14.Rd1 Nb4 15.Kf2 a5 Fischer (or
15...Nc2).
11...Be6 12.Nf3 Qc7 13.Qb1
Or 13.Be2 de5 14.Bc5 Qa5 15.b4 Nb4
16.Bf8 Kf8 17.0–0 ef4 and wins.
13...de5 14.f5 e4! 15.fe6 ef3 16.gf3 f5
17.f4 Nf6 18.Be2 Rfe8–+ 19.Kf2 Re6
20.Re1 Rae8 21.Bf3 Re3! 22.Re3 Re3
23.Ke3 Qf4!

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9+-+-+p+-0
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9tRQ+-+-+-0
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A beautiful shot! 0:1.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1

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9rsn-wq-trk+0
9zpp+-zppvlp0
9-sn-+-+p+0
9+-zpPzPlsN-0
9-+P+-+-+0
9+-+-+-+-0
9PzP-+L+PzP0
9tRNvLQ+RmK-0
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White to move

Exercise 2

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9zppzpqvlpzpp0
9-snn+p+l+0
9+-+-zP-+-0
9-+PzP-+-zP0
9zP-+-vLNsN-0
9-zP-wQL+P+0
9+-mKR+-+R0
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Black to move

Exercise 3

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9r+-wqkvl-tr0
9sn-+l+p+-0
9-zpn+p+pzp0
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9P+-zP-zP-+0
9+LsN-+N+-0
9-zP-+QvLPzP0
9tR-+-+RmK-0
xiiiiiiiiy

White to move

FIDE Surveys – Jeroen Bosch

Exercise 4

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9r+-wq-trk+0
9zppzpnzppvlp0
9-+nzp-+p+0
9+-+-+-+-0
9-+PzPP+-+0
9+-+LvLQ+-0
9PzP-+NzPPzP0
9tR-+-+RmK-0
xiiiiiiiiy

Black to move

SOLUTIONS

1.
1.Rf5!
1.Bf4 N8d7 2.Nf3 Qb8.
1...gf5 2.e6 fe6
2...f6 3.Nh7! Kh7 4.Bd3 Qe8 5.Bf5 Kg8
6.Qg4+–.
3.Ne6 Qc8 4.Bd3±
4.Nf8.
4...Rf6 5.Bf5!
5.Ng7 Kg7 6.Bg5±.
5...Rf5 6.Qg4 Qe6?
Black had one final devilish trick: 6...Rf7
7.Bh6 Nc4 8.Bg7? (8.Qg5 Ne5 9.Bg7 Ng6
10.h4±) 8...Rf1!–+.
7.de6 Rf6 8.Nc3 Nc6 9.Bg5 Rg6 10.h4+–
Bd4 11.Kh1 Nc4 12.Nd5 Ne3 13.Qe4 Nd5
14.Qd5 Rd8 15.Qe4 Rf8 16.Be3 Be3
17.Qe3 Nd4 18.h5 Rg4 19.Qh3 Rff4
20.g3 Re4 21.Rf1 Rg5 22.Rf4 Re6 23.Rg4
Rg4 24.Qg4 Kf7 25.Qf4 Rf6 26.Qe4 h6
27.Qb7 Rf5 28.g4 Rf2 29.Kg1 Rc2
30.Kf1 a5 31.Qe4 1:0, Andonov :
Kuczynski, Camaguey 1987.

2.
1...Nb4!
White's king is vulnerable due to his far
advanced centre.
2.b3

2.ab4 Qa4 3.Bd3 (3.Qc3 Bb4 4.b3 Qa2)
3...Nc4–+.
2...Nc2! 3.c5 Qc6 4.Bd3 Ne3 5.Qe3 Nd5
6.Qf2 Bd3 7.Rd3 Qa6 8.Rhd1 Qa3
8...Nf4!–+.
9.Qb2 Qb2 10.Kb2 f5 11.Ne2 h6 12.h5 g5
13.hg6 Rdg8 14.Rh1 Rg6 15.g3 h5
16.Rh3 Rg4 17.Nc3 Nc3 18.Kc3 Kd7
19.b4 c6 20.Nd2 b5 21.Kc2 Kc7 22.Kd1
f4 23.gf4 Rf4 24.Ke2 h4 25.Ke3 Rg4
26.Ne4 Rg1 27.Ra3 Kb8 28.Rh2 Rf8
29.Raa2 Rb1 30.Nf6 Bf6 31.ef6 Rf6
32.Rh4 Rf7 33.Ke4 Rd7 34.Ke5 Rb4
35.Rd2 a5 36.Ke6 Kc7 37.Ke5 Re7
38.Kf6 Rd7 39.Ke5 a4 40.Ke4 Rc4 0:1,
Huebner : Hort, Biel 1987.

3.
1.Bd5! ed5 2.Nd5 Be7 3.Nc3 Nb4 4.d5±
Bf5 5.Rad1
5.d6 Bd3 6.de7 Qe7 7.Qe3 Bf1 8.Rf1±.
5...Bc5 6.Bc5 bc5 7.Ne4! 0–0 8.Nf6 Kg7
9.Nh4 Qc8 10.Nf5
10.b3.
10...Qf5 11.g4+– Qc2 12.Rd2 Qa4 13.e6!
fe6
13...Kf6 14.Qe5 Ke7 15.d6+–.
14.Qe5!
14.g5+–.
14...Rf7
14...Rf6 15.de6+–.
15.de6 Nac6 16.Nh5
16.Ne8! Kh7 17.Qh8! Kh8 18.ef7+–.
16...Kh7 17.Qe4+– Re7 18.f5 Qb3 19.Rf3
Qf3 20.Qf3 gh5 21.f6 Rea7 22.e7 Rg8
23.Qe4 1:0,  Panchenko : Fokin, Russia
1987.

4.
1...Nde5
Or 1...Nce5.
2.de5 Ne5 3.Qg3 Nd3–+ (Tactical
example.)