RESOURCES
39 Scientific Brain Benefits of Exercise
Everyone is looking to get an edge in their personal and professional lives. And while most people know that
exercise can make you feel good and help keep you sharp, few people realize how deep the benefits really go,
especially for the brain.
Not only is exercise the most scientifically proven cognitive enhancer, the brain benefits of exercise can touch
almost every aspect of your life. So if you take anything away from this article, it should be this:
Exercise is one of the most important ways to get the most out of your brain. Physically and mentally.
It’s a
pillar
of great brain health and an important theme you’ll see at The Brain Flux. If you ever needed
another reason to start exercising, look no further. The benefits have been broken down into four major
categories below. They also include links for more detailed information.
Hopefully it inspires and serves as a resource for anyone that wants to know how great exercise can be for the
mind.
SECTIONS
Since there’s a lot of information here, I thought it was be easier to search around and navigate by breaking it
into four sections.
Many of these studies and the benefits listed below are interrelated. But that doesn’t mean they’re exactly the
same.
For example improving your memory can help you learn and improve academic performance. However, just
because you have improved memory, doesn’t mean you’ll apply yourself in the classroom or be more motivated
to study.
SECTION 1: Cognitive Benefits
– Exercise can boost the base level brain functions which lay the foundations
of our cognitive abilities.
SECTION 2: Psychological Benefits
– Our moods and emotions can be affected through exercise, as well as
how we think and behave.
SECTION 3: Neurobiological Benefits
– The physical and chemical changes that occur in the brain.
SECTION 4: Lifestyle Benefits
– Many other life activities and situations that are affected by exercise.
Cognitive Benefits of Exercise
These are the core brain abilities that people always wish they could enhance. You don’t have to wish anymore,
it’s entirely possible with exercise!
Not that it’s easy. There’s no pill that replaces actual effort, so for now you’ll have to do it the old fashioned
way.
These benefits are backed by study after study. You can think faster, concentrate longer, and remember more
simply by exercising. And, generally speaking, people of any age can have these cognitive enhancing benefits.
The only question is, how much are you willing to work for it?
1. Exercise Improves Your Executive Functions
Executive functions are your higher level thinking skills. This includes inhibitory control, task switching,
attention, and goal management to name a few. These skills are important for problem solving, planning,
organizing, and behavior. It’s how you function as a normal person in society.
A
review
of exercise in multiple studies found positive effects for all ages in normal healthy participants.
Overall, researchers found that exercise is a simple way for healthy people to optimize their higher order brain
functions. However, the specific effects for younger populations still need to be clarified.
Even if you’re a little bit older, exercise can improve these important cognitive skills. One
meta-analysis
–
which is a scientific review of multiple studies – reviewed the results of 18 different papers on the subject. All
participants in the studies were considered healthy, but led sedentary lifestyles. While several cognitive benefits
were observed, the strongest benefits for this particular population group was for their executive functions.
2. Exercise Can Increase Your IQ
Most people will tell you that exercising is a smart thing to do. But that’s because it can literally make you
smarter.
The topic of IQ is still pretty hotly debated among scientists. Some believe it’s genetic, others that it can be
affected by environment. There still seems to be some clarification needed in research. What IQ actually is,
what can affect it, and if anything by how much? For now, I’ll let the scientists duke it out.
One of the largest
studies
ever done tried to shine some light on the subject. Data from over 1 million Swedish
men were used and the researchers found something interesting. There was a convincing link between
cardiovascular health and performance on IQ tests. Taking it one step further, they also observed that young
adults who improved their cardiovascular health between the ages of 15 to 18, also saw an increase in their IQ.
3. Increases Your Focus
In today’s world of flashing cell phones and beeping technology, we all need the skill to ignore distractions and
concentrate on the task at hand. It appears that exercise can help us survive in an increasingly connected world.
Good news when everyone and everything is trying to grab our attention.
One of the first
studies
demonstrating this was published in 2004. The study used two different experiments.
The first compared physically fit people to those who weren’t. The second study looked at people who were
aerobically trained over several months and compared them to others that received no training. The results
found benefits in both studies. Physically fit people have increased control over their ability to focus attention as
measured by a challenging cognitive task. The people who were trained over several months also saw these
benefits.
That’s great news for regular exercisers, but even better news if you’re thinking about becoming a bit more fit.
4. Increases Your Cognitive Flexibility
Focus isn’t the only skill needed for a busy life. Our jobs demand us to take on several responsibilities. School
studies are stressful and rigorous. And our personal lives can pull us in 100 directions. We are required to
multitask, switching thinking modes, and keep track of several things at once.
Research
in 2009 looked at the effects of three different levels of exercise in healthy adults. They wanted to
measure if the frequency of aerobic exercise had an effect on a persons cognitive abilities. At the end of ten
weeks, a battery of cognitive tests were given to the participants. Here’s what they found. They saw that the
amount of aerobic exercise correlated with increases in mental speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Being
the thorough scientists, though, they adjusted for variables like gender and education level. The one mental
ability that still held statistical significance was that of cognitive flexibility.
5. Gives You More Willpower
Willpower is another life skill closely related to your brain’s executive function. Also, willpower is a key
ingredient in a successful life. We use it to avoid temptations, stay on track for personal and professional goals,
and adhere to healthy habits.
Exercise is one path that can increase your
willpower
.
A meta-analysis published in 2013 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine looked at several groups of people.
Children, adolescents, and adults up to the age of 35. They found that short bouts of exercise had a significant
affect across all age groups in areas of executive function, along with inhibition and interference control –
which is better known as willpower.
The subject of willpower gets a decent amount of coverage in the media. But rarely is exercise mentioned as a
path to increasing self-control.
6. Helps You Control Your Emotions
Being able to control your emotions might not seem like it’s a cognitive skill. Yes, emotions are a part of our
psychological makeup. But the actual ability to control our emotions is a skill of cognitive control. Whenever
you reign in an outburst of anger, or continue your day despite feelings of sadness, you are exercising emotional
regulation.
Scientists wanted to track changes in self-regulation. So they conducted a 2 month long
study
where
participants where exposed to a program of regular physical exercise. The researchers noted a number of
positive changes in behavioral patterns. Among these was a decrease in emotional stress and an increase in
emotional control.
If you have a tendency to blow up at people or lose your calm, exercise can help you keep centered. Life is
going to throw you a curveball or two, and a calm mind can help you navigate turbulent waters.
7. Sharpens Your Short Term Memory
Short term memory is sometimes called working memory. There are different definitions used in the scientific
community, but for general purposes let’s agree they are very similar. Working memory is the information in
your head that’s currently being processed. It’s involved in comprehension, interpretation, and manipulation of
data.
It’s also had some mixed results in exercise studies. The intensity of workouts and duration of exercise seem to
affect working memory in different ways. However, one
study
in 2014 had participants complete 30 minute
workouts of moderate intensity. At this level of difficulty, researchers found a significant increase in working
memory following completion. However, the increased memory capacity was only a short term effect and exact
duration not measured. Any long term benefits of exercise on short term memory still need to be determined.
8. Exercise Helps Your Long Term Memory
There is a strong link between regular exercisers and improved memory. One such
review
in 2010 found
positive and significant improvements among participants who exercised.
One
study
found that 35 minutes of interval exercise on a bike strengthened long term memory. The timing of
the exercise was important, though. Better memory was found for subjects who exercised four hours after
learning. No benefit was seen for those exercising immediately after learning.
Another
study
split participants up into three groups. Each group was told to recall as much information as
possible from two paragraphs. The first group received the information after exercise, the second before
exercise, and the last completed no exercise. They found that the group that was exposed to exercise before
being given the information performed significantly better at recall than the other two groups.
The effects of resistance exercise on memory was also
studied
. Subjects were shown photos with different
emotional values (neutral, positive, or negative) and then proceeded to exercise using a leg extension machine.
After 48 hours, they were asked to recall the photos again. The results found that the group which performed the
resistance exercise performed better at recalling, particularly the pictures that were emotionally charged.
9. Makes You Think Faster
Everyone wishes they could arrive at solutions faster. Who wouldn’t want to be faster at solving problems and
remembering things?
White matter is responsible for the transmission of data in and around your brain. Having more white matter in
the brain means that your connections are better insulated and more efficient at relaying information in and
around your brain. So does exercise help with this too?
It turns out that it does. A
study
published in 2013 found that older adults with a history of aerobic exercise
were observed to have better white matter integrity than their sedentary peers. And it’s not just older adults who
benefit. It’s also children. A research
article
published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience reported that
aerobic fitness levels were linked with stronger white matter integrity.
Finally, in another
meta-analysis
, researchers found 24 studies that looked at processing speed and exercise.
They found that exercise gave people a modest improvement in their cognitive speed. And verifying the results
mentioned above, it did this across all ages.
Psychological Benefits of Exercise
You can’t talk about the brain without talking about psychology. Our moods, personalities, and motivations are
what make us mentally unique. There are a number of things that can occur throughout the day that can affect
our mental states. It’s constantly changing, and life is going to give you a fair share of stressful situations.
Exercise has the ability to restore positive feelings, make you resilient to stressful situations, and might even
increase your happiness levels.
10. Exercise Alleviates Stress
This exercise benefit isn’t going to shock anyone. It’s a well known psychological benefits. Also one of the
biggest reasons why people take up exercise. The science behind it is well documented, as well as it’s calming
effect on a stressed mind. But how does a physically stressful activity on the body actually end up relieving
stress?
It’s a bit of a puzzle, but the long term benefits definitely compensate for the short term stress. For starters, it
releases neurochemicals into the brain. The big ones being endorphins, dopamine, and norepinephrine. These
chemicals are associated with better cognitive functioning, alertness and elevated moods. In addition to
dumping feel good chemicals into your head, it also helps purge stress hormones from your body – cortisol and
adrenaline.
From a psychological perspective, exercise also gives you a way to distract yourself from focusing on daily
stressors. This could be from your boss, a task at work, or any number of personal problems. When the mind
has nothing else to focus on, it will drift. Many people can fixate on immediate issues, specific stressful
problems, or strong emotional feelings. So exercise can simply give you an immediate task to focus your energy
on.
So while this benefit of exercise won’t come as a surprise to you, it’s still one of the best, time tested reasons to
get out there and get moving. As we’ll explore in other articles, stress is one of the biggest enemies of efficient
brain operation. And exercise is an efficient stress management technique.
11. Gives You Emotional Resilience
Stress also affects your emotional state. Strong emotions can be an unfortunate side effect of stressful events.
One
study
separated participants between participants between those who exercised regularly and those who
didn’t. Both groups were equal in mood before the experiment. Then they were exposed to a stressful event.
They observed that the physically fit group actually had smaller declines in positive mood than their more
sedentary counterparts.
It seems that people who get regular exercise are able to maintain a more positive attitude – and emotional
outlook – after something stressful occurs. This gives exercisers yet another level of protection from the day to
day stress that happens to all of us.
12. Reduces Anxiety
A
meta-analysis
published in 1995 had researchers take a look at 40 studies to measure the effects of exercise
on anxiety. In analyzing several different study types, they found that exercise had a low to moderate effect on
reducing anxiety levels. They also noted that adults who led a more stressful lifestyle, benefited most from the
exercise. So for those that are feeling anxious from stress will benefit even more from exercise than someone
who isn’t.
13. Increases Pain Tolerance
It has been pretty well documented that intense exercise can dull pain in the short term. Your body releases
endorphins and other chemicals during and shortly after exercise that will decrease pain in the body.
But it’s more than just short term. Exercise could be the key for those of you looking to increase your mental
grit. A small
study
published in 2014 from Australia showed that participants who completed a six week aerobic
exercise program increased their tolerance for pain. It wasn’t that they felt less pain. In fact, researchers noted
that participants were feeling pain at the same levels as before. The change was actually a mental one. They
were able to withstand pain at higher levels after they had completed the exercise regimen.
14. Fights Depression
Depression is one of the most common mental conditions that affects people worldwide. An estimated 350
million according to the World Health Organization. Even scarier is the fact that depression is on the rise. It is
set to be the 2
nd
biggest medical condition by 2020.
A large
meta-analysis
analyzed the effect of exercise on alleviating symptoms of depression. Two things were
found from the review. They found positive results from a significant and moderate relief from depression. The
second result came from the comparison of exercise to other forms of psychological therapy or drugs. Exercise
was found to be just as effective as the other alternatives.
Pretty important news for a nation that has a slight addiction to pills and prescriptions. People who may be
looking for other, more cost effective ways to help fight depression, regular exercise could hold promise.
15. Prevents Depression
Preventing depression is even more important than fighting it. I won’t use a cliche quote referencing ounces and
pounds here. But let’s agree prevention is far better than curing. Research tells us exercise helps the symptoms
of depression, but scientists didn’t understand how. At least until recently.
In a
study
published in September 2014, researchers found a mechanism that helped explain the puzzle. And not
just fight it, but help prevent the symptoms of depression.
The study gets pretty technical, but here are the key points. During stressful situations, there’s a harmful
substance that builds up in the blood. The blood then carries that substance to the brain. Scientists used
genetically modified mice to help produce a certain protein. A protein which helps break down and remove the
harmful substance in the blood.
Normal mice and the mice with the protein were then exposed to multiple stressful situations. Scientists saw the
normal mice begin to express depressive behaviors, while the genetically modified mice acted normally.
So here’s where the rubber hits the road. This same protein can be produced by skeletal muscle (both in mice
and humans) through physical activity. The more physical activity you do, the more protein produced. So by
doing regular exercise you build up the amount of protein in your system. When stress strikes, the protein
eliminates the harmful substance, and shields your brain from symptoms of depression.
16. Improves Your Mood
Exercise causes the release of feel good chemicals in the brain. This part you know. So I want to share some
interesting information you may not be familiar with.
Researchers
took a look at how people deal with their bad moods. They identified a total of 32 different
methods that people reported using. They then analyzed which methods were most effective at regulating their
bad moods. After all the data was analyzed, exercise emerged as the most effective method at changing a bad
mood. If you’re curious, the methods coming in second and third were music and social interaction.
17. Improves Self-Esteem
Self esteem is important if we want to live a happy life. Low self esteem creates stress, depression, and anxiety.
Also, it can negatively impact our job and academic performance. If gone unchecked it can also cause a
number of other unhealthy behaviors.
Exercise has been shown to affect self-esteem positively in all ages. From your development as a child up until
the twilight years. A large quantitative
review
of 113 studies reported finding a change in self-esteem through
exercise. In fact, the more physically fit one was, the higher one’s self esteem. One final result they reported
was that the type of exercise program could also affect the level of self-esteem.
So if you’re looking to boost your self-esteem, go hit that pavement, pool, or treadmill.
18. Makes You Happier
Moods come and go. They are temporary by nature. But can exercise have an effect on happiness in the long
term?
An important question, but also a difficult one. I thought there would be tons of information on the subject, but
it’s surprisingly sparse. There are various definitions of happiness and different ways to measure it. And
happiness can mean different things for different people. Despite these problems, there have been some initial
attempts to answer the exercise happiness question.
One
study
looked at data from 15 European countries. They compared people’s physical activity from different
categories. Higher levels of activity correlated with higher levels of happiness. Researchers noted that even
though there was a link, they couldn’t determine if the physical activity was the cause of the happiness.
In a slightly more convincing
study
, researchers looked at levels of physical activity in residents of Canada.
They first established a baseline happiness for participants. They then analyzed data for changes in activity
levels and happiness in the following years.
People who were inactive through the years were twice as likely to become unhappy than those who were
active. Those people who were inactive were also more likely to become unhappy than others
who became active over the same years. And finally, the researchers noticed people who were active – and
became inactive later – increased their odds of becoming unhappy.
Neurobiological Benefits of Exercise
One of the coolest things about exercise is how you can physically and chemically alter your brain. You
indirectly transform it to become a better machine by submitting your body to a temporary state of stress. So not
all stress is bad.
Your brain is the most complex organ in the body. As a species, it got us to where we are today, and who knows
where it can take us in the future. It’s more than a mass of grey goo. It’s a complex organization of physical
connections awash in a sea of neurochemicals. Exercise enhances the hardware of your organic computer. And
then it supplies it with high octane fuel so that you can operate at a higher level.
19. Increases Resilience To Stress
Exercise is a great way to beat stress. I don’t want to beat that into the ground, those are pretty well known. But
can the benefit stretch beyond just relieving stress? Recent
research
out of Princeton took a look at some of the
less understood mechanisms of stress relief to tackle that question.
These scientists ran an experiment on mice that exercised and those that didn’t. What they saw was that exercise
actually reorganizes the structure of the brain to react differently to a stressful situation. The second finding was
noticing that the brain increased the release of a specific neurotransmitter when a stressful situation was
encountered. The role of this neurotransmitter was to reduce the excitability – or firing – of neurons.
What’s the significance? It means that exercise helped reduce the level of anxiety when exposed to stress. A
neuro-level coping mechanism used by the brain. Those who exercise are better able to deal with stressful
situations in their day to day lives. The result is better health, better decisions, and more control throughout the
day.
The research also has implications for treating those with anxiety disorders.
20. Increases Energy
I think we all feel a dip in physical and mental energy at different times of day. So what’s the best way to grab a
second wind? It may actually be by getting your body moving.
It’s logical to think that exercise can leave you exhausted and drained. A
study
from the University of Georgia,
however, looked at the effect of light to moderate exercise on energy levels. They found that low or medium
impact activity could actually increase energy levels and reduce fatigue. This benefit was seen for sedentary
adults that were considered healthy. Even more surprising, this was independent of current fitness levels of the
individual.
21. Reduces Fatigue
Some of these energized feelings could be because of the dopamine and seratonin that get released in the brain.
The lead author of the study suggested that this research that exercise may have a more direct effect on the
central nervous system. A similar
study
at the University of South Carolina actually backs up this claim. At
South Carolina they found that exercise actually ramps up the creation of new mitochondrial cells in the brain,
which can help guard against mental fatigue.
22. Makes Your Brain Bigger
You might be amazed to learn that exercise literally makes your brain bigger!
Healthy but sedentary adults were used in a
study
to look at this effect of exercise. When put through an aerobic
fitness program for 6 months, the researchers saw a significant increase in both white matter and grey matter in
the brain. The control group, which only did stretching and toning over the same period of time, saw no increase
in the volume of their brain.
23. Slows Down Brain Atrophy
Starting around age 30 our brains start to lose volume naturally. Most notably in the hippocampus. This can
affect cognitive abilities, memory, and even spur the onset of dementia.
Research
found that moderate exercise in healthy older adults helped them gain 1-2% volume in the
hippocampus area. This would be the equivalent of reversing brain aging by about 2 years. Additionally, the
researchers found that there were gains in spatial memory for this study.
Another
study
in 2013 saw a correlation between exercise habits and brain volume. Participants were adults
between the ages of 18 to 45. After the scientists adjusted for factors such as age, gender, and brain volume they
compared the results against each persons exercise habits. They found that the minutes of exercise per week
correlated with the size of their hippocampus. The research shows that regular exercise may be able to protect
against the brain’s natural shrinkage.
24. Increases the Birth of New Brain Cells
The process of growing new brain cells is called neurogenesis. Scientists recently identified a brain chemical
called BDNF – that’s Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor for any science nerds – that promotes this process in
our brains.
While the first studies were done in rats, researchers are beginning to look at the relationship between exercise
and BDNF in human subjects. A
review
published in 2014, looked at 32 articles and tallied up the results.
Overall, they saw short intense and chronic exercise elevated BDNF levels in humans.
This same studied also noted that results for exercise were different than normal physical activity. So taking a
walk around the block may not generate increased BDNF to your brain. Future research should be able to tell us
how intense activities need to be for increased BDNF.
Lifestyle Benefits of Exercise
We’re still missing a pretty big list of benefits. They don’t fit neatly into the other three categories, but they’re
just as important. Since they are a little more broad, I’ve put the rest of them in their own category.
Everyone wants to be able to enjoy life, and strive to live better. You could be going through a rough patch or
simply playing the hand life dealt you. Others are trying to get past addictions, or live with disorders that make
it more difficult to function in society. Research is now investigating if exercise can somehow alleviate the
struggles of dealing with such issues.
Our professional and academic lives are two other important areas where we spend a considerable amount of
time. Being able to perform effectively in these aspects can help us a great deal in reaching our bigger goals.
As we start to get older, we also begin to have other concerns. Risk of dementia and cognitive decline increase
as we get older. Finding out how to avoid or delay it becomes increasingly important.
25. Helps Treat Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders affect a lot of people in a big way. In 2013, an
article
reviewed recent studies looking at the
effects of exercise as a way to alleviate the symptoms.
They noted several underlying physical and mental mechanisms accounting for these effects, and saw several
meta-analysis showing positive improvement of anxiety in clinical settings.
26. Can Help People With ADHD
ADHD in children has seen a sharp rise in the last couple of decades, and is a big concern today. As it should
be, it affects over 2.5 million school children in the US alone.
Exercise’s benefits for executive functions would hopefully help this particular group of individuals. A short
bout of moderate exercise was
shown
to improve math and reading scores in children, with an added benefit
with those children with ADHD. Some have even seen exercise as a cost effective alternative to medication.
Without the side effects.
27. Improves Your Quality of Sleep
Sleep is one of the major areas of efficient brain functioning. It has a direct effect on memory, self regulation,
and cognition. Simply put, better sleep means a better brain.
One
study
looked at adults that had numerous complaints about lack of quality sleep. The study examined
several factors. Gender, age, and physical function were observed over a period of 12 months. The results found
that adults that were the least active benefited most from exercise when it came to quality of sleep.
Exercise can do more than help those with insomnia or sleep disturbances. It’s good for normal healthy adults
and adolescents as well. A
meta-analysis
found that total sleep time and fewer disturbances during the night
were positive side effects of acute bouts of exercise.
It’s important to note, the relationship between sleep and exercise has had some varying results. A lot of the
variation has occurred when subjects have known sleep issues such as insomnia. Typically, exercise in the long
term has beneficial results. Certain variables like the type of exercise, duration, and intensity are still being
explored to find the cause of certain types of research results.
28. Reduces Migraines and Headaches
Although the data on exercise and headaches are a bit scarce, there does seem to be evidence for indirect
benefits.
Some of the biggest causes of headaches are inadequate sleep and stress. So it should be no surprise that
exercise – which has positive effects on both of those causes – can help reduce the frequency and intensity of
headaches.
For the hard evidence, two studies have had positive findings. One
study
in Sweden gave an exercise program
to people with migraines to see if it could improve their symptoms. The study saw pretty positive results in this
area. The second
study
was a large cross sectional study done in Norway. They found that people who were
more sedentary were more likely to get headaches than their more physically active counterparts.
Although uncommon, some people have reported exercise causing the onset of headaches. These people are in
the minority, but be careful. You should always consult your doctor before engaging in regular physical
activity.
29. Reduces Risk of Stroke
Another obvious benefit of exercise, but also worth mentioning. Exercise helps reduce the risk of stroke. In fact,
a study presented at the American Stroke Association’s International Stroke Conference 2008, showed that
healthy cardiovascular men and women could reduce the risk of stroke by 40%. Even more encouraging was
that people who exercised moderately had a significant chance of lowering their risk. So you don’t have to run
marathons to reduce your risk.
30. Lowers Your Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s
In one of the longest
studies
of it’s kind – 35 years to be exact – one study followed over 2000 men. They found
several healthy behaviors exhibited by these men that reduced the chances of dementia by a whopping 60
percent. Regular exercise, while not the only behavior, was identified as being the largest contributing factor in
reducing dementia.
Another recent
study
took a look at the factors that can attribute to dementia. This study found that exercise as
the most significant factor to protect against the onset of dementia. The study cites several major factors that
can increase your chances of developing dementia, but the largest – being physical inactivity – can increase
your chance by 82%.
Here’s another take away from that study. By exercising just one hour a week, you can cut your chance of
developing dementia in half. And for those that can’t – or have difficulty – doing more intense physical
exercise, won’t have to worry. The study claims that moderate exercise to the tune of 30 minutes 5 times a week
can see these benefits as well.
Coincidentally, and I’m not joking here, one of the lead authors of the study is Professor Brayne.
31. Helps You Eat Healthier
If you’ve ever started an exercise program and stuck with it for a period of time, you may have noticed your
eating habits changing as well. Apparently this is a happy side effect of exercise.
One
study
looking at weight control found that the greater the intrinsic motivation to exercise (intrinsic
motivation being things like interest and enjoyment of the activity), was a high predicting factor in helping one
control their eating.
A different
study
examined the effects of a moderate level workout in respect to their motivation for food. The
study found two interesting things. Not only did it decrease motivation for food, but they also saw an increase in
physical activity throughout the day for those that exercised. A hint that exercise may help you be more
physically active even when not exercising.
Finally, there has even been a
evidence
that links exercise to a change in diet. Specifically, researchers have
noticed that there is an increase in the amounts of fruits and vegetables you eat. This has been found for not
only adults, but in highschool students as well.
32. Increases Your Productivity
Exercise impacts more than your academic or personal life. It can also have a positive effect on your
professional life as well.
Over 200 white collar workers from 3 organizations were used to
study
exercise in the workplace. Researchers
found that people reported several positive effects in the workplace from working out during their break or if
they exercised before work. The benefits included better time management, better mood, and increased
employee tolerance. On days were employees didn’t exercise, the benefits were not seen.
Another
study
from Bringham Young University looked at different factors that contributed to the loss of
productivity in the workplace in almost 20,000 employees. Researchers found that people who exercised only
occasionally or not at all were more likely to report lower productivity than employees who exercised regularly.
33. Protects Against A Sedentary Lifestyle
Yes, you can exercise regularly and still have a sedentary lifestyle. In fact, research is showing that being
sedentary is an independent health risk. Meaning that it doesn’t matter if you’re a desk jockey, or a marathon
runner. Large amounts of time sitting on the couch or at a desk are horrible for you. Not information I was
excited to hear as most of my work is done sitting down.
If you are exercising on a regular basis, though, you can breathe (just a little bit) easier. A
study
published in the
Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that those who are physically fit have less adverse health effects from a
sedentary lifestyle. But that doesn’t mean you can sit in front of a tv 4 hours a day.
34. Boosts Creativity
A research
study
back in 1985 revealed that a exercise program helped college students gain modest – but
statistically significant – gains in two of three creative tests.
Going one step further, another
study
took a look at the duration of exercise and its effect on creativity.
Researchers found that exercise not only boosted creativity, but did so immediately following it. The effect even
lasted up to 2 hours after the exercise was complete.
This doesn’t mean the immediate effects of exercise on creativity are 100% clear. One set of
researchers
looked
at the short term effect of intense and moderate exercise. They also ran tests on fit and unfit groups of people.
They found that taking a creative test following the workouts actually hampered creative activity. The group
that was in better shape, though, did happen to fare better on the test.
It may be that intense exercise may not be the best path to creativity. Further research will tell. For anyone
looking to get a boost of creativity, however, could try low impact activities. One
study
has found that the
simple act of walking helped increase creativity. Creativity is a hot area, and which methods of exercise can
boost it are under investigation.
35. Helps Prevent and Recover From Drug Abuse
The effects that exercise has on drug abuse, and those trying to recover from from it, is a relatively new research
area. So there’s not tons of information out there yet. The key issues and mechanisms for prevention and
recovery of different types of drugs are being studied. The ways that exercise may be able to aid in recovery is a
promising avenue.
Several studies have noted an inverse relationship between physical activity and drug abuse, and has done so on
a consistent basis. They say psychologically exercise improves self esteem and increases well being, both of
which can affect drug abuse. Also, research has shown that exercise reduces anxiety and depression, which are
cues for at risk populations to relapse.
Furthermore, there are biological changes in the brain that may be an underlying cause of the prevention and
recovery. Both the inducement of creating new neurons in the hippocampul region of the brain, and also
increased ability in the prefrontal cortex – which helps humans plan, make decisions, and reduce impulses.
The initial findings of such programs are positive. A recent
meta-analysis
in 2014 took a look across 22 studies
to find a long term effect for substance abuse. They found that moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise can be an
effective tool in increasing abstinence and can lessen effects of withdrawal symptoms. And it can do so for
several types of substance use disorders.
36. Reduces Cravings and Withdrawal Symptoms
What about other substance abuse? Sure enough, scientists are taking a look at the effects that exercise might
have on other substances, including one of the biggest unhealthy habits in the world – smoking.
One
review
showed that not only could cravings be reduced with short bouts of exercise, but it could help with
tobacco withdrawal as well. The reduction in withdrawal symptoms were seen with moderate intensity exercise,
but intense exercise would increase symptoms. They also saw reductions in the actual desire to want to smoke.
There is also evidence that exercise as an intervention method could work for those trying to quit. Larger
studies need to be done, but a
review
of literature has seen exercise help increase abstinence rates.
37. Helps With Alcohol Dependency
Exercise used together with other traditional therapy techniques for alcohol dependency is also a fairly new area
of research. There are far fewer studies looking at the effects of exercise on alcohol rehabilitation than smoking.
But research is underway.
One
review
found six studies that measured drinking episodes, days of abstinence, and cravings. Of those six
studies, four of them found improvements when compared against groups that did not use exercise. The
remaining two failed to find any positive or negative results.
In a slightly longer
study
in 2014, sedentary patients were split into three groups for 12 weeks. One group did
moderate exercise, another group aerobic exercise, and the third only received health advice. The results
indicated that the patients in both exercise groups reported fewer drinking days and heavy drinking days when
compared to a group that only received health advice. Researchers also noted that the patients who exercised in
the group had more positive effects than that of just exercise alone.
38. Jumpstarts Learning
There are some other related exercise benefits that are most likely responsible for improved learning. The
sharper memory, an increase in attention, and exercises ability to spur the growth of new brains cells would be
the big ones. They can all play a vital role in helping one learn and retain new information.
There’s a more interesting benefit of exercise that’s just as important. Not only does exercise help prime the
brain to learn new information, it actually increases the rate at which you learn. One
study
looked at this
quality, specifically. They took three groups and subjected them to different levels of exercise. One high impact,
one low impact, and one group with no exercise.
Not only did the group with the high impact exercise learn 20% faster, they found a strong correlation with
learning speed and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). They also noticed that levels of dopamine were
tied to better intermediate memory recall, and epinephrine was tied to long term memory retention.
39. Improves Academic Performance
Learning is obviously important in academic settings. Especially when you are a young adult learning the skills
that will set you up for success in your personal and professional life in adulthood. It also applies to those who
go back to school for higher education.
A
meta-analysis
covering 59 studies looked at the effects of physical activity and physical fitness on academic
achievement. Not only did they find a strong, positive effect on achievement and cognitive abilities, they noted
that the strongest effects came from aerobic exercise.
While the effects of exercise and academic achievement are known to some, the trend in school policy has not
been so quick to embrace the mounting evidence. So while the details of what types of exercise and how much
are being verified, here’s what the data says so far.
BMI is routinely used as an indicator of general fitness, but that doesn’t translate into how fit a person really is.
Another
study
published in the Journal of Pediatrics found that being physically fit was a better predictor of
high test scores than BMI. So be careful not to equate BMI to fitness!
The Next Step
For any of you that might be feeling a little motivated about exercise, there will be future articles about how to
incorporate it in to your life. Even if you are super busy. Honestly, it’s too important to not make it a priority in
your life (so don’t forget to
join the email list
).
If anything, I hope you have a new appreciation and outlook on what exercise can actually do for you. Writing
this article actually exposed me to different areas and benefits that I wasn’t aware of. Ultimately, it even made
me rethink some of my priorities- it really is more important than I realized. It’s under utilized by educators.
Under prescribed by health care professionals. And maybe even a little underexposed by the media.
But I hope you found it enlightening and useful. And if you know of anyone that might find this information
helpful – or maybe just needs a bit of inspiration – please share!