plik

PRZEDMOWA

Korepetycje domowe

to ksià˝ka, która stanowi owoc naszych wieloletnich doÊwiadczeƒ

w nauczaniu j´zyka angielskiego, naszej wieloletniej praktyki nauczycielskiej w polskich szko∏ach
ró˝nego stopnia, z uczniami w ró˝nym wieku i o zró˝nicowanych potrzebach.
Zauwa˝y∏yÊmy, ˝e niezale˝nie od wieku i stopnia zaawansowania, wielu naszych uczniów
ma podobne problemy z j´zykiem angielskim i pope∏nia podobne b∏´dy. Postanowi∏yÊmy wyjÊç
naprzeciw tym typowym dla polskich uczniów problemom i opracowaç dla nich szybkie i skuteczne
korepetycje. Dobór przedstawionych struktur zgodny jest z nowym programem polskiej szko∏y.
Ka˝dy rozdzia∏ naszej ksià˝ki sk∏ada si´ z krótkiego omówienia danego, k∏opotliwego problemu
j´zykowego, podania prawid∏owych form oraz przyk∏adów u˝ycia, a tak˝e uwypuklenia typowych
dla Polaków b∏´dów. Druga cz´Êç ka˝dej korepetycji to çwiczenia utrwalajàce prawid∏owe formy.
Klucz do çwiczeƒ znajduje si´ u do∏u strony.
Ksià˝ka nasza ma charakter samouczka, gdy trzeba szybko nadrobiç braki lub choçby tylko
sprawdziç, co umiemy, np. przed klasówkà lub egzaminem, ale mo˝na z niej korzystaç równie˝
w codziennej nauce, w grupie szkolnej. Polecamy jà tak˝e jako materia∏ uzupe∏niajàcy dla Polaków
uczàcych si´ j´zyka angielskiego na kursach.
Zak∏adamy, ˝e korzystajàce z naszych korepetycji osoby wybiorà po prostu te zagadnienia, które
chcà powtórzyç i utrwaliç. Ksià˝ka nie wymaga czytania „od deski do deski”. JeÊli masz problem
z jakimÊ zagadnieniem gramatycznym, po prostu odszukaj w spisie treÊci odpowiedni rozdzia∏ (unit).
Stopieƒ trudnoÊci omawianych zagadnieƒ oznaczono symbolem umieszczonym w prawym górnym
rogu. Rozdzia∏y opatrzone symbolem – to poziom podstawowy (basic), rozdzia∏y oznaczone
symbolem – poziom Êrednio zaawansowany (intermediate), a symbolem – poziom
bardziej zaawansowany (advanced). Aby dobrze zdaç matur´ na poziomie podstawowym, trzeba
opanowaç zagadnienia zarówno w cz´Êci basic, jak i intermediate; dla maturalnego poziomu
podstawowego niezb´dna b´dzie dobra znajomoÊç wszystkich struktur przedstawionych w ksià˝ce,
równie˝ tych z rozdzia∏ów advanced. Ka˝dy 25-ty rozdzia∏ to test zwany CONSOLIDATION, sprawdzajàcy
opanowanie materia∏u w poprzednich 24 jednostkach.
Na koƒcu ksià˝ki zamieÊci∏yÊmy zadania egzaminacyjne typu maturalnego dla dwóch poziomów
– podstawowego i zaawansowanego, list´ najcz´Êciej spotykanych czasowników frazowych
oraz wykaz najwa˝niejszych czasowników nieregularnych wraz z ich polskimi odpowiednikami.
Majàc nadziej´, ˝e nasza ksià˝ka oka˝e si´ pomocna w opanowaniu przez polskich uczniów zawi∏oÊci
gramatyki angielskiej, ˝yczymy sukcesów wszystkim uczàcym si´ tego pi´knego i tak popularnego
w Êwiecie j´zyka.

Autorki
Langenscheidt Polska 2004

Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6

Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 14
Unit 15
Unit 16
Unit 17
Unit 18
Unit 19
Unit 20
Unit 21
Unit 22
Unit 23
Unit 24
Unit 25

Unit 26
Unit 27
Unit 28
Unit 29
Unit 30
Unit 31

Unit 32
Unit 33

SPIS TREÂCI

przedmowa
spis treÊci

three books

two women REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS

an apple

some advice COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Jenny’s book

my sister’s jacket SAXON GENITIVE

an apple

the apple

apples ARTICLES

A/AN/THE/ZERO ARTICLE

mine PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVES

long

longer

the longest beautiful

more beautiful

the most beautiful

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
quickly

easily ADVERB

between

among PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACE

I am

you are

PRESENT SIMPLE

THERE IS

THERE ARE

I have

I have got PRESENT SIMPLE

I do

I work PRESENT SIMPLE

I am doing

I am working PRESENT CONTINUOUS

now

always

often

TIME EXPRESSIONS

PRESENT SIMPLE & PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I was

they were PAST SIMPLE

I had

I didn’t have PAST SIMPLE

I did

I worked PAST SIMPLE

I was doing

I was working PAST CONTINUOUS

I have worked

I have done

I have been PRESENT PERFECT

I did & I have done PAST SIMPLE & PRESENT PERFECT
I will do

I will be FUTURE SIMPLE

be going to
I can do CAN
must

have to

have got to do

CONSOLIDATION

two coffees

coffee NOUNS:

COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE?

scissors

door

family

police SINGULAR OR PLURAL

a swarm of bees

the homeless GROUP NOUNS

a film star

a T-shirt

sunglasses COMPOUND NOUNS

going

doing

swimming GERUND

the Pacific/the British Isles/the USA
THE ARTICLE PRECEDING

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

in prison, in the prison ARTICLES WITH PLACES
the one on the right PRONOUNS ONE, ONES

3
4

10
12
14
16
18

20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56

58
60
62
64
66
68

70
72

BASIC

INTERMEDIATE

myself

ourselves

yourself

yourselves REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

another

the second

other

the other

others

the others

all

whole

every

each

each of

each other

one another

both (of)

either (of)

neither (of)

IT as a subject
IT as a subject

THERE as a subject

(a) little

(a) few

more

less

fewer

the most

the least

the fewest

enough

too

A nice large new house ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Good-looking man

high-heeled shoes COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

as…as

not so…as

like

such

so that

CONSOLIDATION

let’s do THE IMPERATIVE

need

don’t need

needn’t

must

need

have to

have got to NEGATION

should

ought to

can do

could do

may do

might do

must be

can’t be

could be

may be

might be

EXPRESSING SUPPOSITIONS:

PRESENT AND FUTURE

I have been doing PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I had done

I had worked PAST PERFECT

I had been doing

I had been working PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He does

He will do PRESENT HABITS

used to do

would do PAST HABITS AND STATES

used to do

be used to do

get used to do

to do

to be doing

to have done

to be done

to have been done THE INFINITIVE

was invented

is being made THE PASSIVE

(1)

I was told

We were given THE PASSIVE

(2)

He is said to be bossy

It is said that THE PASSIVE

(3)

to have something done THE PASSIVE

(4)

CAUSATIVE HAVE

One

you THE PASSIVE

(5)

He said he was at home. REPORTED SPEECH

(1)

REPORTING STATEMENTS

She asked if he loved her REPORTED SPEECH

(2)

REPORTING QUESTIONS

He told me to listen REPORTED SPEECH

(3)

REPORTING REQUESTS/COMMANDS

Could you tell me EMBEDDED QUESTIONS
You’re free, aren’t you? QUESTION TAGS
I’m hungry. Are you? ECHO QUESTIONS

CONSOLIDATION

74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98

100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118

120
122
124
126
128
130
132
134
136
138
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
154
156

Unit 34
Unit 35
Unit 36
Unit 37
Unit 38
Unit 39
Unit 40
Unit 41
Unit 42
Unit 43
Unit 44
Unit 45
Unit 46
Unit 47
Unit 48
Unit 49
Unit 50
Unit 51
Unit 52
Unit 53
Unit 54
Unit 55
Unit 56

Unit 57
Unit 58
Unit 59
Unit 60
Unit 61
Unit 62
Unit 63
Unit 64
Unit 65
Unit 66
Unit 67
Unit 68
Unit 69
Unit 70
Unit 71
Unit 72
Unit 73
Unit 74
Unit 75

I’ll be doing FUTURE CONTINUOUS
I will have worked

I will have been working

FUTURE PERFECT/FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I meet

I’m meeting

I’m going to meet

I will meet EXPRESSING FUTURE

When you heat snow, it melts CONDITIONAL 0
If you study hard, you will pass the exam CONDITIONAL 1
If I were a queen CONDITIONAL 2
If I have

If I had CONDITIONAL 1 & 2

If I had worked… CONDITIONAL 3
MIXED CONDITIONALS
unless

provided

providing (that)

suppose

supposing

in case

even though

I wish

if only

It’s time to do it.
I’d rather

I’d sooner

I’d prefer

rather than

prefer driving

prefer to drive

would prefer

had better do

should do

I could do it.

I was able to do it.

I had to do it.

EXPRESSING PAST ABILITY

PAST OBLIGATION

must have done

can’t have done

should have done

EXPRESSING SUPPOSITIONS ABOUT THE PAST
could have done

may have done

might have done

EXPRESSING SUPPOSITIONS IN THE PAST

(2)

NEED+ -ing

NEED + to be

to get

NEED+to have something done

STATE AND ACTION VERBS
VERB + INFINITIVE

TO-INFINITIVE

VERB + -ING
VERB + -ING, TO-INFINITIVE

DIFFERENT MEANINGS

OTHER REPORTING VERBS

CONSOLIDATION

So do I INVERSION
Not only

No sooner

Little

Seldom INVERSION AFTER NEGATIVE ADVERBIALS

STYLISTIC INVERSION
CONDITIONALS WITH INVERSION
CONDITIONALS IN REPORTED SPEECH
Do sit down

It was Jack who… EMPHASIS

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS
The man who lives next door

The house which has been sold

DEFINING/NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
the man you were talking about

the job he applied for

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

(1)

158
160

162
164
166
168
170
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188

190

192

194
196
198
200
202
204
206
208
210
212
214
216
218
220
222
224

226

Unit 76
Unit 77

Unit 78
Unit 79
Unit 80
Unit 81
Unit 82
Unit 83
Unit 84
Unit 85
Unit 86
Unit 87
Unit 88
Unit 89
Unit 90
Unit 91

Unit 92

Unit 93

Unit 94
Unit 95
Unit 96
Unit 97
Unit 98
Unit 99
Unit 100
Unit 101
Unit 102
Unit 103
Unit 104
Unit 105
Unit 106
Unit 107
Unit 108
Unit 109

Unit 110

ADVANCED

Unit 111

Unit 112

Unit 113
Unit 114

Unit 115
Unit 116
Unit 117
Unit 118
Unit 119
Unit 120
Unit 121

Unit 122

Unit 123

Unit 124

Unit 125

the girl who(m) Tom dates

the people whose dog attacked ours

the town where I live DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

(2)

Bob, with whom I fell in love years ago, is Scottish.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
On hearing the news, Mary jumped with joy. PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

(1)

The roof damaged by the wind is now being repaired.
PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

(2)

Long live the Republic! SUBJUNCTIVE
look

look like

look as if

look as though

be to do

be bound to do

be about to do

VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS
good at

bored with

interested in ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS

Although

Despite CONTRASTING WORDS/CONJUNCTIONS

so that

in order to

due to

because of

LINKING WORDS

(1)

CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN A SENTENCE (1)

as soon as

while

whereas

even though

however

LINKING WORDS

(2)

CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN SENTENCES (2)

apparently

in general LINKING WORDS

(3)

CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN TEXTS (1)

similarly, by contrast

incidentally

consequently

LINKING WORDS

(4)

CONNECTING IDEAS WITHIN TEXTS (2)

CONSOLIDATION

zadania typu maturalnego

– poziom podstawowy

zadania typu maturalnego

– poziom rozszerzony

PHRASAL VERBS

– a selection

IRREGULAR VERBS

– a selection

228

230

232
234

236
238
240
242
244
246
248

250

252

254

256
258
271
285
287

UNIT 1

three books

two women REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS

Jane has two cats.

Jane ma dwa koty.

Have you got any matches in the house?

Czy masz w domu zapa∏ki?

We must buy some tomatoes.

Musimy kupiç troch´ pomidorów.

Peter and John are talking to their wives.

Peter i John rozmawiajà ze swymi ˝onami.

JAK TWORZYSZ

LICZB¢ MNOGÑ RZECZOWNIKÓW

Do wi´kszoÊci rzeczowników dodajesz koƒcówk´ –s lub –es, np. book – books, match – matches.
Sà to tzw. rzeczowniki regularne.

JAK TO SI¢ PISZE?

4 sposoby na tworzenie liczby mnogiej rzeczowników regularnych w zale˝noÊci od koƒcówki.

ch, sh, s, x

-es

church – churches, bush – bushes, bus – buses, box – boxes
o

-es

tomato –tomatoes, potato – potatoes,

ale np.

tuxedo – tuxedos

-y

po spó∏g∏osce

-i+es

family – families, university – universities, party – parties, dolly – dollies
-f (e) -ves
wife – wives, wolf – wolves,

ale np.

roof-roofs, chef – chefs

Most children like sweets.

Wi´kszoÊç dzieci lubi s∏odycze.

Men usually earn more than women.

M´˝czyêni zwykle zarabiajà wi´cej ni˝ kobiety.

Wild geese don’t fly away for winter.

Dzikie g´si nie odlatujà na zim´.

Rzeczowniki nieregularne tworzà liczb´ mnogà w odr´bny sposób:

man – men, woman – women, child – children, foot – feet, tooth – teeth, goose – geese, mouse – mice.

Niektóre rzeczowniki, jak np.

sheep, deer, fish, salmon

majà identycznà form´ w liczbie

pojedynczej i mnogiej.
Niektóre rzeczowniki wyst´pujà, podobnie jak w j´zyku polskim,
tylko w liczbie mnogiej, np.

scissors, trousers, jeans, pants, knickers.

TYPOWE B¸¢DY

U W A ˚ A J !

èle:

There are many childrens in my school.

PODPOWIEDè: Nie dodawaj koƒcówki –s

do rzeczowników nieregularnych,
które ju˝ sà w liczbie mnogiej.

Dobrze: There are many children

in my school.

some dogs

some horses

some fish

Old Macdonald has a farm.

some sheep

Znajdê 19 ukrytych rzeczowników w liczbie mnogiej.

H   O   U   S   E   S   A   G   A   B
D   O   G   S   W   B   T   E   B   R
C   A   B   M   O   F   E   E   T   O
F   A   M   I   L   I   E   S   B   T
O   U   O   C   V   L   T   E   U   H
R   N   N   E   E   M   H   F   S   E
K   T   T   D   S   S   D   O   H   R
S   S   H   E   E   B   O   X   E   S
F   F   S   T   O   R   I   E   S   F
T   O   M   A   T   O   E   S   G   G

II.

Wstaw podany rzeczownik w liczbie mnogiej.

1. We need more ______________ to make the soup. (

potato)

2. Be careful, these ______________ are very sharp. (

knife)

3. Do you know the song about blind ______________? (

mouse)

4. Do you use Snow White toothpaste to brush your ______________? (

tooth)

5. Please don’t feed the ______________ (

monkey)

6. Are these ______________ really made of gold? (

watch)

III.

Znajdê w ka˝dej z linijek jeden rzeczownik, który nie pasuje do pozosta∏ych.

1. cows

tables

bags

news

2. scissors

shorts

doors

jeans

3. roof

leaf

wife

knife

4. advice

information

sheep

furniture

5. potato

avocado

tomato

tuxedo

6. salmon

geese

deer

trout

7. play

family

dictionary

university

IV.

Przet∏umacz.

1. Cicho bàdê, ci m´˝czyêni ∏owià ryby.
2. Czy to twój ojciec zrobi∏ te pó∏ki na ksià˝ki?
3. Trzy kobiety rozmawiajà na przystanku.
4. Lubi´ ryby.
5. Susan boi si´ myszy.

I. 1. families 2. feet 3. wolves 4. mice 5. months 6. teeth 7. geese 8. brothers 9. boxes 10. stories

11. bushes 12. forks 13. tomatoes 14. houses 15. dogs 16. films 17. aunts 18. foxes 19. months II. 1. potatoes
2. knives 3. mice 4. teeth 5. monkeys 6. watches III. 1. news 2. doors 3. roof 4. sheep 5. tuxedo 6. geese 7. play
IV. 1. Be quiet, these men are fishing. 2. Has your father made these beautiful bookshelves. 3 Three women are
talking at the bus stop. 4. I like fish. 5. Susan is afraid of mice.

YOUR TURN NOW!

TERAZ KOLEJ NA CIEBIE!

KLUCZ

UNIT 2

an apple

some advice

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

We need some apples to make an apple pie.

Potrzebujemy troch´ jab∏ek, aby zrobiç szarlotk´.

I can give you an apple if you want.

Mog´ daç ci jab∏ko, jeÊli chcesz.

I can give you some good advice.

Mog´ daç ci dobrà rad´.

We must have a lot of apples to make a pie.

Musimy mieç wiele jab∏ek by zrobiç szarlotk´.

Rzeczowniki policzalne sà to nazwy osób lub rzeczy, które mo˝na bezpoÊrednio policzyç.

Rzeczowniki niepoliczalne sà to najcz´Êciej nazwy materia∏ów (cotton), substancji (water),
lub uczuç (love).

JAK ODRÓ˚NISZ, CZY RZECZOWNIK JEST

POLICZALNY

, CZY

NIEPOLICZALNY

Rzeczowniki policzalne tworzà liczb´ mnogà. W liczbie pojedynczej sà cz´sto poprzedzone
przedimkiem nieokreÊlonym a/an. Mogà byç poprzedzone okreÊleniami iloÊci, takimi jak some,
many, any, (a) few, a lot of, lots of, plenty of.

Rzeczowniki niepoliczalne wyst´pujà tylko w liczbie pojedynczej i ∏àczà si´ z czasownikiem
w liczbie pojedynczej. Nie wyst´pujà z przedimkiem nieokreÊlonym a/an ani z liczebnikami.
Mogà byç poprzedzone przedimkiem okreÊlonym the lub okreÊleniami iloÊci much, (a) little,
a lot of, lots of. Cz´sto nie sà poprzedzone ani przedimkiem, ani okreÊleniem iloÊci.

Uwa˝aj na rzeczowniki advice, news, information, homework, money i furniture
– sà niepoliczalne! JeÊli chcesz wyraziç okreÊlonà iloÊç (np. jednà wiadomoÊç lub dwa meble),
u˝yj wyra˝enia a piece of. Dla innych rzeczowników niepoliczalnych musisz te˝ u˝yç okreÊlenia
iloÊci, np. some money, lub jakiejÊ innej miary, np. a bottle of water.

TYPOWE B¸¢DY

U W A ˚ A J !

èle:

This is a good advice.

PODPOWIEDè: Nie traktuj rzeczowników niepoliczalnych jako policzalne,

mimo i˝ po polsku sà one „policzalne”.

Dobrze: This is good advice.

èle:

I have two advices for you.

PODPOWIEDè: Nie u˝ywaj liczebników przed rzeczownikiem niepoliczalnym

traktujàc go tak, jakby by∏ policzalny.

Dobrze: I have two pieces of advice for you.

èle:

He never has many money.

PODPOWIEDè: Nie u˝ywaj b∏´dnego okreÊlenia iloÊci. Many wystepuje tylko z rzeczownikiem

policzalnym w liczbie mnogiej

Dobrze: He never has much money.

ZakreÊl rzeczowniki niepoliczalne.

advice driver city news money apple tractor water
happiness classroom luck furniture newspaper bed information
woman dollar attraction holiday love night sugar milk

II.

Wstaw podane rzeczowniki w odpowiedniej formie.

1. I’ve got some good ____________ for you: we’re going to France for two

____________! (

news, week)

2. There are a lot of lovely ____________ in this ____________. (

house, street)

3. She married for ____________, not for ____________. (

love, money)

4. We must have three ____________ for the ____________. (

bowl, soup)

5. How much ____________ do we need to get to the ____________? (

time, mountain)

6. Can I give you some ____________ about some good ____________ in my town?

(

advice, pub)

7. How many ____________ of ____________ do you want to have in your room?

(

piece, furniture)

III.

Przet∏umacz na j´zyk angielski fragmenty zdaƒ podane w nawiasach.

1. I have

[

nowe meble]

in my room.

[

Ulice w twoim mieÊcie]

are very clean.

3. I must buy

[

troch´ ry˝u]

4. Yesterday I heard

[

dwie wa˝ne informacje]

[

Pieniàdze nie sà]

so important.

IV.

A teraz popraw b∏´dy! (Uwaga! Jedno zdanie jest poprawne.)

1. There are much cars in this street.
2. I haven’t many moneys in my wallet.
3. What are the news?
4. When in the love, trust your heart.
5. We haven’t got any new informations about Mary.
6. I must buy some cornflakes for breakfast.
7. The advices she gave us were all wrong.

I. advice news money water happiness luck furniture information love sugar milk II. 1. news, weeks

2. houses, street 3. love, money 4. bowls, soup 5. time, mountains 6. advice, pubs 7. pieces, furniture III. 1. I have
some new furniture in my room. 2. (The) streets in your town are very clean. 3. I must buy some rice. 4. Yesterday
I heard two pieces of important information. 5. Money isn’t so important. IV. 1. There are many cars in this street.
2. I haven’t much money in my wallet. 3. What is the news? 4. When in love, trust your heart. 5. We haven’t got any
new information about Mary. 6. OK 7. The advice she gave us was all wrong.

YOUR TURN NOW!

TERAZ KOLEJ NA CIEBIE!

KLUCZ