216

'=DVWRFNL70RVNDOLN-6DGRZVNL-/LVLHFNL :\EUDQHZVNDĨQLNLWHFKQLF]QRHNRQRPLF]QH

9[DTCPGYUMCđPKMKVGEJPKE\PQGMQPQOKE\PGRQ\[UMCPKC
FTGYPCPCRT\[MãCF\KG0CFNGćPKEVYC4CF\[ý2QFNCUMK
YNCVCEJt

'DULXV]=DVWRFNL7DGHXV]0RVNDOLN-DURVáDZ6DGRZVNL-DNXE/LVLHFNL

$EVWUDNW:SUDF\SU]HGVWDZLRQR]UyĪQLFRZDQLHVRUW\PHQWRZHSR]\VNDQHJR

VXURZFDGU]HZQHJRZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGJDWXQNXGU]HZRUD]JUXSF]\QQRĞFL-HG-

QRF]HĞQLH]RVWDáDREOLF]RQDSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSU]\SR]\VNDQLXL]U\ZFHGUHZQD

RUD]]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZLPDV]\Q\GRSUDF]ZLą]DQ\FK]SR]\-

VNDQLHPL]U\ZNąGUHZQDDWDNĪHRNUHĞORQRVWDZNLJRG]LQRZH]DSR]\VNDQLH

RUD]]U\ZNĊGUHZQD3U]HDQDOL]RZDQRG]LDáDOQRĞüSU\ZDWQ\FK¿UPOHĞQ\FK

ĞZLDGF]ąF\FKXVáXJLQDWHUHQLHQDGOHĞQLFWZD

$QDOL]DX]\VNDQ\FKZ\QLNyZSR]ZDODVWZLHUG]LüĪHZVWUXNWXU]HSR]\VND-

QLDGRPLQXMHGUHZQRĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZH]DUyZQRGODJDWXQNyZLJODVW\FKMDN

LOLĞFLDVW\FK1DWRPLDVWJáyZQ\PSR]\VNLZDQ\PJDWXQNLHPE\áDVRVQD3UD-

FRFKáRQQRĞüSRGF]DVSR]\VNDQLDL]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRMHVW

]QDF]QLHZ\ĪV]DQLĪGODVRUW\PHQWyZZLHONRZ\PLDURZ\FKDSU\ZDWQH¿UP\

OHĞQHG\VSRQXMąZ\VWDUF]DMąFąOLF]EąSUDFRZQLNyZRUD]PDV]\QGRSR]\VNDQLD

L]U\ZNLGUHZQD:\OLF]RQHVWDZNLJRG]LQRZHGOD]U\ZNLGUHZQDVąZ\ĪV]HGOD

JDWXQNyZLJODVW\FKQLĪGODOLĞFLDVW\FK

6áRZDNOXF]RZH3R]\VNDQLHGUHZQDSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüVRUW\PHQWSU\ZDWQD

¿UPDOHĞQDVWDZNDJRG]LQRZD

$EVWUDFW6HOHFWHGWHFKQLFDODQGHFRQRPLFLQGLFDWRUVRIDWLPEHUKDUYHVWRQ

WKHH[DPSOHRIWKH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL)RUHVW'LVWULFWLQWKH\HDUV±

7KHSDSHUSUHVHQWVDQDVVRUWPHQWGLYHUVLW\RIWKHKDUYHVWHGUDZZRRGPDWHULDO

GHSHQGLQJRQWKHVSHFLHVRIWUHHVDQGJURXSVRIDFWLYLWLHV$WWKHVDPHWLPH

DODERULQWHQVLW\LQKDUYHVWLQJDQGVNLGGLQJRIWLPEHUDGHPDQGIRUZRUNHUV

DQGPDFKLQHVXVHGIRUWKHWLPEHUKDUYHVWDQGVNLGGLQJDVZHOODVWKHKRXUO\

UDWHVIRUWKHWLPEHUKDUYHVWDQGVNLGGLQJZHUHFDOFXODWHG0RUHRYHUWKHDFWLYLWLHV

RISULYDWHIRUHVWU\FRPSDQLHVSURYLGLQJVHUYLFHVLQWKH)RUHVW'LVWULFWZHUH

DQDO\]HG7KHDQDO\VLVUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHGWKDWWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHWLPEHUKDUYHVW

LVGRPLQDWHGE\PHGLXPVL]HGZRRGIRUERWKFRQLIHUVDQGGHFLGXRXVVSHFLHV

7KHPDLQKDUYHVWHGVSHFLHVZDV6FRWVSLQH/DERULQWHQVLW\GXULQJKDUYHVWLQJDQG

VNLGGLQJRIPHGLXPVL]HGZRRGLVPXFKKLJKHUWKDQIRUODUJHVL]HGDVVRUWPHQWV

DQGSULYDWHIRUHVWU\FRPSDQLHVKDYHVXIILFLHQWVWDIIDQGHTXLSPHQWIRUWKH

WLPEHUKDUYHVWDQGVNLGGLQJ7KHFDOFXODWHGKRXUO\UDWHVIRUWKHWLPEHUKDUYHVW

DUHKLJKHUIRUFRQLIHUVWKDQIRUGHFLGXRXVVSHFLHV

.H\ZRUGVWLPEHUKDUYHVWLQJODERULQWHQVLW\WLPEHUDVVRUWPHQWSULYDWHIRUHVW

HQWHUSULVHKRXUO\UDWHLQWLPEHUKDUYHVWLQJ

#46;-7â;#46+%.'5

6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH

R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014

217

:VWĊS

=UyZQRZDĪRQDJRVSRGDUNDOHĞQDMDNRJáyZQDVWUDWHJLDZ/DVDFK3DĔVWZRZ\FKPDSURZD-

G]LüGRZLHORIXQNF\MQHJRFKDUDNWHUXJUXQWyZOHĞQ\FK]DU]ąG]DQ\FKSU]H]3*B//3RUD]RSLHUDü

VLĊQDSODQLHXU]ąG]DQLDODVX:VSyáF]HVQDJRVSRGDUNDOHĞQDNáDG]LHFRUD]ZLĊNV]\QDFLVNQD

IXQNFMĊVSRáHF]QąRUD]RFKURQQąODVX-HGQDN/DV\3DĔVWZRZHMDNRLQVW\WXFMDVDPR¿QDQVXMąFD

VLĊPXVLSU]\NáDGDüGXĪąXZDJĊGRSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDSRQLHZDĪMHVWWRJáyZQHĨUyGáRXWU]\-

PDQLD'ODWHJRZF]DVDFK]UyZQRZDĪRQHMJRVSRGDUNLOHĞQHMJG]LHIXQNFMHSR]DSURGXNF\MQH

QDELHUDMąFRUD]ZLĊNV]HJR]QDF]HQLDZDĪQąU]HF]ąMHVW]UyZQRZDĪRQHXĪ\WNRZDQLHODVX

&]\QQRĞFL]ZLą]DQH]XĪ\WNRZDQLHPODVXWDNLHMDNQSSR]\VNDQLHGUHZQDPXV]ąE\üSRG-

SRU]ąGNRZDQHZ\PRJRPGRW\F]ąF\PHNRQRPLLLU\QNXRUD]Z\PDJDQLRPRFKURQ\ĞURGRZLVND

>6XZDáD@2]QDF]DWRĪHZQLHNWyU\FKSU]\SDGNDFKQDOHĪ\]UH]\JQRZDü]EDUG]LHM

HNRQRPLF]Q\FKQRZRF]HVQ\FKWHFKQRORJLLXĪ\WNRZDQLDODVXQDU]HF]SU]\URG\MHMRFKURQ\

LGEDQLDRMHMQLH]PLHQLRQąVWUXNWXUĊ:SU]\SDGNXJG]LHZLĊNV]RĞüF]\QQRĞFL]ZLą]DQ\FK]JR-

VSRGDUNąOHĞQąMHVWZ\NRQ\ZDQHSU]H]SU\ZDWQH¿UP\G]LDáDMąFHQDU]HF]OHĞQLFWZDVWZDU]D

WRQLHEH]SLHF]HĔVWZRVWRVRZDQLDWHFKQRORJLLZSá\ZDMąF\FKQLHNRU]\VWQLHQDHNRV\VWHPOHĞQ\

'ODWHJRQDGOHĞQLFWZDNWyUH]DWUXGQLDMąWHJRW\SX¿UP\PXV]ąV]F]HJyáRZRSU]HMU]HüVNáDGDQH

RIHUW\DQDVWĊSQLHNRQWURORZDüZ\NRQDQLH$QDOL]LHSRGOHJDMąSUDFHZRNUHVLHRVWDWQLFKWU]HFK

ODWSU]HGXSá\ZHPWHUPLQXVNáDGDQLDRIHUWGRZRG\SRWZLHUG]DMąFHĪH]DPyZLHQLD]RVWDá\

Z\NRQDQHQDOHĪ\FLHRUD]Z\ND]QDU]ĊG]LZ\SRVDĪHQLDLXU]ąG]HĔWHFKQLF]Q\FKGRVWĊSQ\FK

XZ\NRQDZF\XVáXJZFHOXUHDOL]DFML]DPyZLHQLD'RZ\ERUXQDMOHSV]HMRIHUW\QDGOHĞQLFWZR

ELHU]HSRGXZDJĊZFHQĊRIHUW\DZGRĞZLDGF]HQLHZ\NRQDZF\2IHUWDNWyUDX]\-

VNDáDQDMZLĊNV]ąLORĞüSXQNWyZZ\JU\ZDSU]HWDUJQD]DPyZLHQLH:]ZLą]NX]W\PQLH]EĊGQH

MHVWVWDáHPRQLWRURZDQLHWHJRVHNWRUDDE\RNUHĞOLüMHJRDNWXDOQ\VWDQ>.RFHO@

0DWHULDáLPHWRG\

3RGVWDZRZ\PFHOHPSUDF\E\áDDQDOL]DZ\EUDQ\FKSDUDPHWUyZFKDUDNWHU\]XMąF\FKSR]\-

VNLZDQLHGUHZQDZ1DGOHĞQLFWZLH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL%DGDQRVWUXNWXUĊ]DWUXGQLHQLDLZ\SRVD-

ĪHQLHZĞURGNLWHFKQLF]QHSU\ZDWQ\FK¿UPOHĞQ\FK-HGQRF]HĞQLHRNUHĞORQRSUDFRFKáRQQRĞü

]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZRUD]VWDZNLJRG]LQRZHSU]\SR]\VNLZDQLXL]U\ZFHGUHZQD

'RREOLF]DQLDSUDFRFKáRQQRĞFLSU]\SR]\VNLZDQLXGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRRUD]ĞUH-

GQLRZ\PLDURZHJRNRU]\VWDQR]NDWDORJXQRUPF]DVXGODSUDFOHĞQ\FKZ\NRQ\ZDQ\FKZ]DJR-

VSRGDURZDQLXODVX=QDMąFLORĞüSR]\VNDQHJRGUHZQDZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKNODVDFKVRUW\PHQWyZ

RUD]JDWXQHNGUHZQDLVWRSLHĔWUXGQRĞFLRGF]\W\ZDQR]NDWDORJXF]DVSRWU]HEQ\QDSR]\VNDQLH

P

GUHZQDSRF]\PSU]HPQDĪDQRJRSU]H]LORĞüSR]\VNDQHJRVXURZFDGU]HZQHJRGODSR-

V]F]HJyOQ\FKNODVVRUW\PHQWyZLJDWXQNX:Z\QLNXSU]HSURZDG]RQHMV\PXODFMLX]\VNDQR

LQIRUPDFMHRF]DVLHZ\UDĪRQ\PZJRG]LQDFKSRWU]HEQ\PQDSR]\VNDQLHRNUHĞORQHJRVXURZFD

GU]HZQHJR

1DWRPLDVWZ\OLF]DMąF]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZSU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQDZSR-

V]F]HJyOQ\FKODWDFKSU]\MĊWRRĞPLRJRG]LQQ\G]LHĔSUDF\MHGQHJRSUDFRZQLND/LF]EDSUD-

FRZQLNyZQLH]EĊGQ\FKGRZ\NRQDQLD]DGDĔMHVWLORUD]HPREOLF]RQHMSUDFRFKáRQQRĞFLLGQL

URERF]\FKZGDQ\PURNX

3XQNWHPZ\MĞFLRZ\PSU]\REOLF]DQLXSUDFRFKáRQQRĞFL]U\ZNLE\áRSR]QDQLHĞUHGQLFKRG-

OHJáRĞFL]U\ZNLZDQDOL]RZDQ\PRNUHVLH,QIRUPDFMHGRW\F]ąFHRGOHJáRĞFLQDMDNąRGE\ZDáD

VLĊ]U\ZNDVXURZFDGU]HZQHJRE\á\]DSLVDQHZ]DZDUW\FKXPRZDFKSRPLĊG]\QDGOHĞQLFWZHP

218

'=DVWRFNL70RVNDOLN-6DGRZVNL-/LVLHFNL :\EUDQHZVNDĨQLNLWHFKQLF]QRHNRQRPLF]QH

DZáDĞFLFLHODPL=DNáDGyZ8VáXJOHĞQ\FK:ODWDFK±ĞUHGQLDRGOHJáRĞü]U\ZNLZ\-

QRVLáDPHWUyZZ±ZDUWRĞüWDZ\QRVLáDPHWUyZQDWRPLDVWZODWDFK

LĞUHGQLDRGOHJáRĞü]U\ZNLZ\QRVLáDRGSRZLHGQLRRUD]PHWUyZ'UHZQRZLHONR-

Z\PLDURZHE\áR]U\ZDQHPHWRGąSyáRGZLHV]DQąQDWRPLDVWGUHZQRĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHPHWRGą

]U\ZNLQDVLĊELHUQHM]PHFKDQLF]Q\P]DáDGXQNLHP3UDFRFKáRQQRĞüWDEHODU\F]QD]U\ZNLP

GUHZQD]RVWDáDRGF]\WDQDZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGURG]DMXFLĊüGODPHWRG\]UĊERZHMLEH]]UĊERZHM

'RZ\OLF]HQLDVWDZHNMHGQRVWNRZ\FK]D]U\ZNĊGUHZQDZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGVRUW\PHQWXJDWXQNX

GU]HZF]\NDWHJRULLFLĊü]NWyU\FKVXURZLHFGU]HZQ\MHVW]U\ZDQ\SRWU]HEQDMHVWLQIRUPDFMD

QDWHPDWVWDZNLMHGQRVWNRZHM]D]HUZDQLHMHGQHJRP

GUHZQDLORĞü]HUZDQHJRGUHZQDRUD]

Z\OLF]RQDSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSRWU]HEQDGRZ\NRQDQLDGDQHMSUDF\

:\QLNLLLFKDQDOL]D

3RSU]HDQDOL]RZDQLXLQIRUPDFMLQDWHPDWOLF]E\¿UP]DWUXGQLRQ\FKQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLF-

WZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±OLF]EDWDQLHXOHJáDZLĊNV]\P]PLDQRPLZODWDFK

±LORĞüSRGPLRWyZJRVSRGDUF]\FKSUDFXMąF\FKQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ

3RGODVNLZ\QLRVáDQDWRPLDVWZURNXRUD]OLF]EDWD]PQLHMV]\áDGR]DNáDGyZ

XVáXJOHĞQ\FK:URNXQDGOHĞQLFWZR]DZDUáRNRQWUDNW]V]HĞFLRPDSU]HGVLĊELRUVWZDPL

LWDOLF]EDXWU]\PDáDVLĊWDNĪHGRURNXDZV]\VWNLHSRGPLRW\JRVSRGDUF]HE\á\¿UPDPL

ZLHORRVRERZ\PL

/LF]EDSUDFRZQLNyZ]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZ]DNáDGDFKXVáXJOHĞQ\FKSUDFXMąF\FKGOD1DGOH-

ĞQLFWZLH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLE\áDUyĪQDLZURNXZ\QRVLáDRVRE\:RVWDWQLFKGZyFK

ODWDFK±OLF]EDSUDFRZQLNyZXOHJDáD]PQLHMV]HQLXLZ\QRVLáDRGSRZLHGQLRRUD]

SUDFRZQLNyZ]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZ=DNáDGDFK8VáXJ/HĞQ\FKĞZLDGF]ąF\FKXVáXJLQDWHUHQLH

1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLWDE

Tab. 1. 6WUXNWXUD]DWUXGQLHQLDZSU\ZDWQ\FK¿UPDFKOHĞQ\FKSUDFXMąF\FKZ1DGOHĞQLFWZLH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL

ZODWDFK±

Table 1. 7KHVWUXFWXUHRIHPSOR\PHQWLQSULYDWHIRUHVWU\FRPSDQLHVZRUNLQJLQWKH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL)RUHVW

'LVWULFWLQ±

Lata

,ORĞü¿UPOHĞQ\FK

,ORĞüSUDFRZQLNyZ

:DKDQLDZOLF]HEQRĞFL]DWUXGQLRQ\FKURERWQLNyZOHĞQ\FKPRĪQDWáXPDF]\üIX]MDPLSR-

PLĊG]\PQLHMV]\PLSRGPLRWDPLJRVSRGDUF]\PLNWyUHPLDá\ZLĊNV]HV]DQVHZ\JUDüSU]HWDUJ

6\WXDFMDZRVWDWQLFKWU]HFKDQDOL]RZDQ\FKODWDFKJG]LHOLF]EDRVyE]DWUXGQLRQ\FKZ=DNáDGDFK

8VáXJ/HĞQ\FKXOHJDáDVSDGNRZLE\áRVSRZRGRZDQH]DWUXGQLHQLHPQDXPRZĊ]OHFHQLHOXEEH]

XPRZ\W]ZQDF]DUQR

=DNáDG\8VáXJ/HĞQ\FKVWDUWXMąFHGRSU]HWDUJyZZQDGOHĞQLFWZDFKVą]RERZLą]DQHGR

ZSLVDQLDZVZRLFKRIHUWDFKLQIRUPDFMLQDWHPDW]DSOHF]DWHFKQLF]QHJRURG]DMXRUD]LORĞFL

6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH

R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014

219

SRVLDGDQHJRVSU]ĊWX-HVWWRLQIRUPDFMDGOD]OHFHQLRGDZF\NWyU\QDSRGVWDZLHW\FKGDQ\FK

PRĪHVWZLHUG]LüF]\GDQHSU]HGVLĊELRUVWZRVSURVWDVWDZLRQ\PPXSU]H]QDGOHĞQLFWZR

]DGDQLRP

:Z\QLNXDQDOL]\]DSOHF]DWHFKQLF]QHJR=DNáDGyZ8VáXJ/HĞQ\FKSUDFXMąF\FKQDWHUHQLH

1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±VWZLHUG]RQRĪHJáyZQ\PVSU]ĊWHPGR

SR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDZHZV]\VWNLFK¿UPDFKVąSLODUNLVSDOLQRZH'RSLHURZURNXMHGHQ

]ZáDĞFLFLHOL=8/L]DNXSLáPDV]\QĊZLHORRSHUDF\MQąÄKDUZHVWHU´:URNXOLF]EDSLODUHN

VSDOLQRZ\FKZ\QRVLáDV]WXNLSRF]\PZNROHMQ\FKODWDFKURVáDLZURNXRVLąJQĊáD

QDMZLĊNV]ąLORĞüZ\QRV]ąFąV]WXNL:URNXOLF]EDSLODUHNSRQRZQLHVSDGáDLZ\QRVLáD

HJ]HPSODU]\DZODWDFK±LORĞüSLODUHNEĊGąF\FKQDZ\SRVDĪHQLX¿UPOHĞQ\FK

NV]WDáWRZDáDVLĊQDSR]LRPLH±V]WXN:DKDQLDOLF]E\SRVLDGDQ\FKSLODUHNVSDOLQRZ\FK

SU]H]=8/HZODWDFK±E\á\VSRZRGRZDQH]DNXSLHQLHPZW\FKODWDFKQRZ\FKSLOD-

UHNFR]ZLĊNV]\áROLF]EĊWHJRVSU]ĊWX3RGPLRW\JRVSRGDUF]HSUDFXMąFHQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD

5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±GR]U\ZNLGUHZQDQDMF]ĊĞFLHMVWRVRZDá\FLąJQLNLUROQLF]H

]SRGF]HSLRQ\PLGRQLFKZ\FLąJDUNDPLEąGĨSU]\F]HSDPL]Z\VLĊJQLNLHP+'6ZPQLHMV]\P

VWRSQLXZy]NyZ]U\ZNRZ\FKIRUZDUGHUyZRUD]FLąJQLNyZOHĞQ\FKW\SXÄVNLGHU´/LF]EDFLą-

JQLNyZUROQLF]\FKEĊGąF\FKQDZ\SRVDĪHQLX=8/LSUDFXMąF\FKZQDGOHĞQLFWZLHZURNX

Z\QRVLáDHJ]HPSODU]\1DVWĊSQLHGRURNXOLF]EDLFKVSDGáDGRV]WXNFRE\áRVSRZR-

GRZDQHVSU]HGDĪąVWDU\FKRPDáHMPRF\PDV]\QL]DPLHQLDQLHLFKQRZ\PLEDUG]LHMZ\GDMQ\PL

HJ]HPSODU]DPL1DVWĊSQ\PRPDZLDQ\PXU]ąG]HQLHPMHVWZFLąJDUNDNWyUDMHVWPRQWRZDQD

GRFLąJQLNDUROQLF]HJRZFHOX]ZLĊNV]HQLDZ\GDMQRĞFLSUDF\SRGF]DV]U\ZNLGUHZQD:

URNXOLF]EDZFLąJDUHNZ\QRVLáDV]WXNLZNROHMQ\FKODWDFKVSDGáDGRV]WXNSRF]\PZODWDFK

±Z]URVáDGR±V]WXN3U]\F]HS\]Z\VLĊJQLNLHP+'6SRMDZLá\VLĊZ]DSOHF]X

WHFKQLF]Q\PSRGPLRWyZJRVSRGDUF]\FKSUDFXMąF\FKQDWHUHQLHQDGOHĞQLFWZDZURNXDLFK

LORĞüZ\QRVLáDHJ]HPSODU]H:NROHMQ\PURNXOLF]EDWHJRW\SXXU]ąG]HĔZ]URVáDGR

HJ]HPSODU]\MHGQDNZNROHMQ\FKODWDFK]PQLHMV]\áDVLĊLZURNXVWZLHUG]RQRV]WXNL

:ODWDFK±QDWHUHQLHQDGOHĞQLFWZDSUDFRZDá\SU]\F]HS\]Z\VLĊJQLNLHP+'6

:SU]\SDGNXFLąJQLNyZ]U\ZNRZ\FKW\SXÄ6NLQGHU´ZODWDFK±QDZ\SRVDĪHQLX¿UP

OHĞQ\FKE\áRHJ]HPSODU]HSRF]\PZNROHMQ\FKODWDFKOLF]EDLFKZ]URVáDGRV]WXN-HGHQ

]ZáDĞFLFLHOL¿UP\OHĞQHMSUDFXMąFHMQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZURNX

]DNXSLáIRUZDUGHUDZQDVWĊSQ\PURNX]DNXSLRQRNROHMQąWHJRW\SXPDV]\QĊWDE

Tab. 2. =DSOHF]HWHFKQLF]QH=8/LSUDFXMąF\FKQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK

±

7DEOH7HFKQLFDOIDFLOLWLHVRISULYDWHIRUHVWU\FRPSDQLHVZRUNLQJLQWKH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL)RUHVW'LVWULFW

LQ±

5RG]DMVSU]ĊWX

Lata

2006

2009

2010

2011

2012

)RUZDUGHU

+DUZHVWHU

&LąJQLNLUROQLF]H

6NLGHU\/.7

:\FLąJDUNL

8

8

8

3LODUNL

.RV\VSDOLQRZH

:y]NL]U\ZNRZH

0\JáRZQLFD

-

-

-

-

-

3U]\F]HS\]+'6

-

220

'=DVWRFNL70RVNDOLN-6DGRZVNL-/LVLHFNL :\EUDQHZVNDĨQLNLWHFKQLF]QRHNRQRPLF]QH

:1DGOHĞQLFWZLH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZDQDOL]RZDQ\FKODWDFK±¿UP\OHĞQHSR]\VNDá\

RJyáHPP

GUHZQD]F]HJRGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRSR]\VNDQRP

DGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRP

2JyOQHSR]\VNDQLHGUHZQDLJODVWHJRQDWHUHQLH

1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±Z\QLRVáRP

]F]HJRGUHZQD

ZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRP

DGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRP

FRVWDQRZLáR

RGSRZLHGQLRRUD]SU]\MĊWHJRGRUHDOL]DFMLSODQX1DWRPLDVWGUHZQDOLĞFLDVWHJRSR-

]\VNDQRRJyáHPP

]F]HJRGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRP

DGUHZQD

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRP

FRVWDQRZLáRRGSRZLHGQLRLSURFHQWRJyOQHJRSODQX

SR]\VNDQLDQDODWD±Z1DGOHĞQLFWZLH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL

3RV]F]HJyáRZHMDQDOL]LH]HEUDQ\FKGDQ\FKVWZLHUG]RQRĪHQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ

3RGODVNLGRSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRZODWDFK±SRWU]HEQ\FKE\áR

URERF]RJRG]LQ1DMZLĊNV]ąSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSRGF]DVSR]\VNLZDQLDGUHZQDZLHO-

NRZ\PLDURZHJRQDWHUHQLHQDGOHĞQLFWZD]DQRWRZDQRZURNXZNWyU\PGRSR]\VNDQLD

P

RPDZLDQHJRVRUW\PHQWXE\áRSRWU]HEQ\FKURERF]RJRG]LQ1DWRPLDVW

QDMPQLHMV]ąSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSU]\SR]\VNLZDQLXGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJR]DQRWRZDQR

ZURNXZNWyU\PWRGRSR]\VNDQLDP

WHJRVXURZFDGU]HZQHJRSRWU]HEQ\FKE\áR

URERF]RJRG]LQ

1DWHUHQLHQDGOHĞQLFWZDZDQDOL]RZDQ\PRNUHVLHVXPDSUDFRFKáRQQRĞFLSU]\SR]\VNDQLX

GUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRZLORĞFLP

Z\QLRVáDURERF]RJRG]LQ1DM-

ZLĊNV]DSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSRGF]DVSR]\VNLZDQLDGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRQDWHUHQLH1DG-

OHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLPLDáDPLHMVFHZURNXZNWyU\PQDSR]\VNDQLHP

WU]HEDE\áRSU]H]QDF]\üURERF]RJRG]LQ1DMPQLHMV]ąOLF]EĊURERF]RJRG]LQSU]H]QD-

F]RQ\FKSU]\SUDFDFK]ZLą]DQ\FK]SR]\VNDQLHPGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJR]DQRWRZDQR

ZURNXZNWyU\PGRSR]\VNDQLDP

SRWU]HEQ\FKE\áRURERF]RJRG]LQ

1DWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±QDMZLĊNV]H]DSRWU]HERZD-

QLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZSU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJR]DQRWRZDQRZURNX

ZNWyU\PGRSR]\VNDQLDREOLF]RQHMPLąĪV]RĞFLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRSRWU]HEQ\FK

E\áRRVyE1DWRPLDVWQDMPQLHMV]H]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZGRSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQD

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRPLDáRPLHMVFHZURNXDOLF]EDWDZ\QRVLáDRVRE\=DSRWU]HER-

ZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZSU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRE\áRQDMZLĊNV]HWDNVDPR

MDNSU]\GUHZQLHĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZ\PZURNXLOLF]EDWDZ\QRVLáDRVyE1DWRPLDVW

QDMPQLHMV]H]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZZ\QRV]ąFHRVyESU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQD

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRPLDáRPLHMVFHZODWDFK±WDE

3RV]F]HJyáRZHMDQDOL]LH]HEUDQ\FKGDQ\FKVWZLHUG]RQRĪHQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5D-

G]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZEDGDQ\FKODWDFKQDMZLĊNV]DSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSU]\]U\ZFHGUHZQDZLHONRZ\-

PLDURZHJRPLDáDPLHMVFHZURNXZNWyU\PWRSRWU]HEQ\FKE\áRURERF]RJR-

G]LQSU]H]QDF]RQ\FKQDWĊF]\QQRĞü1DWRPLDVWQDMPQLHMV]ąSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSRGF]DV]U\ZNL

GUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJR]DQRWRZDQRZURNXZNWyU\PSRWU]HEQ\FKE\áR

URERF]RJRG]LQ

1DWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±QDMZLĊNV]ąSUDFRFKáRQQRĞü

GUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJR]DQRWRZDQRSRGREQLHMDNSU]\VRUW\PHQFLHZLHONRZ\PLDURZ\P

ZURNXZNWyU\PWRGR]U\ZNLWHJRVRUW\PHQWXSRWU]HERZDQRURERF]RJRG]LQ

1DWRPLDVWZURNX]DQRWRZDQRQDMPQLHMV]ąSUDFRFKáRQQRĞüSU]\]U\ZFHGUHZQDĞUHGQLR-

Z\PLDURZHJRZDQDOL]RZDQ\FKODWDFKNWyUDZ\QLRVáDURERF]RJRG]LQ

6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH

R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014

221

Tab. 3. 3UDFRFKáRQQRĞüRUD]]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZSU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQDQDWHUHQLH

1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±

7DEOH/DERULQWHQVLW\DQGWKHGHPDQGIRUZRUNHUVLQKDUYHVWLQJRIWLPEHUZLWKLQLQWKH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL

)RUHVW'LVWULFWLQ±

Lata

3UDFRFKáRQQRĞüSU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQD

URERF]RJRG]LQ\

=DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDSUDFRZQLNyZ

SU]\SR]\VNDQLXGUHZQDRVRE\

GUHZQR

ZLHONRZ\PLDURZH

GUHZQR

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZH

GUHZQR

ZLHONRZ\PLDURZH

GUHZQR

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZH

3RREOLF]HQLXSUDFRFKáRQQRĞFL]U\ZNLVXURZFDGU]HZQHJRREOLF]RQRWDNĪH]DSRWU]HER-

ZDQLHQDVSU]ĊW]U\ZNRZ\NRU]\VWDMąF]WDNLFKVDP\FK]DáRĪHĔMDNZSU]\SDGNXSR]\VNDQLD

GUHZQDGRZ\NRQDQLD]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRZURNXSRWU]HEQ\FKE\áR

FLąJQLNyZSRF]\PZNROHMQ\PURNXLFKOLF]EDVSDGáDGRV]WXN:ODWDFK±]DSR-

WU]HERZDQLHQDFLąJQLNLGR]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRZ]URVáRGRV]WXNSRF]\P

ZNROHMQ\PURNXOLF]EDWDZ\QLRVáDV]WXN:URNX]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDFLąJQLNL

GRZ\NRQDQLD]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRVSDGáDGRV]WXNDZRVLąJQĊáDPDN-

VLPXPZ\QRV]ąFHV]WXN=DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDVSU]ĊW]U\ZNRZ\ZSU]\SDGNXGUHZQDZLHO-

NRZ\PLDURZHJRZODWDFK±Z\QLRVáRWU]\V]WXNLSRF]\PZGZyFKNROHMQ\FKODWDFK

VSDGáRGRGZyFKV]WXN:]ZLą]NX]H]ZLĊNV]HQLHPSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJR

ZODWDFK±OLF]EDFLąJQLNyZSRWU]HEQ\FKGRZ\NRQDQLD]U\ZNLZ]URVáDRGSRZLHGQLR

GRWU]HFKLF]WHUHFKV]WXNWDE

Tab. 4. 3UDFRFKáRQQRĞüRUD]]DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDFLąJQLNL]U\ZNRZHQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ

3RGODVNLZODWDFK±

7DEOH/DERULQWHQVLW\DQGWKHGHPDQGIRUVNLGGHUVLQWKH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL)RUHVW'LVWULFWLQ±

Lata

3UDFRFKáRQQRĞüSU]\]U\ZFHGUHZQD

URERF]RJRG]LQ\

=DSRWU]HERZDQLHQDVSU]ĊWGR]U\ZNL

GUHZQDV]W

GUHZQR

ZLHONRZ\PLDURZH

GUHZQR

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZH

GUHZQR

ZLHONRZ\PLDURZH

GUHZQR

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZH

8

222

'=DVWRFNL70RVNDOLN-6DGRZVNL-/LVLHFNL :\EUDQHZVNDĨQLNLWHFKQLF]QRHNRQRPLF]QH

=XPyZSRPLĊG]\QDGOHĞQLFWZHPDZáDĞFLFLHODPL¿UP=DNáDGyZ8VáXJ/HĞQ\FK]QDQDMHVW

VWDZNDMHGQRVWNRZD]D]U\ZNĊMHGQHJRPHWUDV]HĞFLHQQHJRGUHZQDNWyUDZURNXZ\QRVLáD

]áP

LZNROHMQ\FKODWDFKURVáDZ\QRV]ąFRGSRZLHGQLRZ±±

±±±L±]áP

]HUZDQHJRGUHZQD

:Z\QLNXSU]HSURZDG]RQHMDQDOL]\LQIRUPDFMLGRW\F]ąF\FK]U\ZNLVXURZFDGU]HZQHJR

QDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLVWZLHUG]RQRLĪVWDZNDJRG]LQRZD]D]U\ZNĊGUHZQD

ZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRLJODVWHJRQDSRZLHU]FKQLDFK]UĊERZ\FKZ\QLRVáDRG]áK]U\ZNL

ZURNXNWyUDURVáDZNROHMQ\FKODWDFKDĪGR]áK]U\ZNLZURNX1DWRPLDVW

VWDZNDJRG]LQRZD]DZ\NRQDQLH]U\ZNLGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJROLĞFLDVWHJRQDSRZLHU]FK-

QLDFK]UĊERZ\FKZEDGDQ\FKODWDFKE\áDQLĪV]DLZ\QLRVáD]áKZURNXSRF]\P

Z]URVáDGR]áKZURNX

7DE6WDZNLJRG]LQRZH]D]U\ZNĊLJODVWHJRRUD]OLĞFLDVWHJRGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRRUD]GUHZQD

ĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRQDWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±

Table +RXUO\UDWHVIRUVNLGGLQJRIFRQLIHURXVDQGGHFLGXRXVODUJHVL]HGZRRGDQGPHGLXPVL]HGZRRG

LQWKH5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNL)RUHVW'LVWULFWLQ±

Lata

3RZLHU]FKQLH]UĊERZH

3RZLHU]FKQLHEH]]UĊERZH

3RZLHU]FKQLHOHĞQH

ZLHONR

Z\PLDURZH

LJODVWH]áK

ZLHONR

Z\PLDURZH

OLĞFLDVWH]áK

ZLHONR

Z\PLDURZH

LJODVWH]áK

ZLHONR

Z\PLDURZH

OLĞFLDVWH]áK

ĞUHGQLR

Z\PLDURZH

LJODVWH]áK

ĞUHGQLR

Z\PLDURZH

OLĞFLDVWH]áK

6WDZNDJRG]LQRZD]D]U\ZNĊGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRLJODVWHJRQDSRZLHU]FKQLDFK

EH]]UĊERZ\FKZ]URVáDZURNX]GR]áKZURNXQDWRPLDVWVWDZND

MHGQRVWNRZD]D]U\ZNĊGUHZQDOLĞFLDVWHJRZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRZW\PVDP\PF]DVLHZ]URVáD

]GR]áK

$QDOL]XMąFNRV]W\]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRQLHVWZLHUG]RQRUyĪQLF\ZVWDZ-

NDFKJRG]LQRZ\FK]D]U\ZNĊWHJRVRUW\PHQWXSRPLĊG]\SRZLHU]FKQLDPL]UĊERZ\PLRUD]EH]-

]UĊERZ\PLUyĪQLFDQDWRPLDVWZ\VWĊSRZDáDSRPLĊG]\JDWXQNDPLGU]HZLJODVW\FKLOLĞFLDVW\FK

1DWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±VWDZNLJRG]LQRZH]D]U\ZNĊ

GUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJROLĞFLDVWHJRZ\QRVLá\RG]áKZURNXGR]áK

ZURNX:SU]\SDGNX]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRLJODVWHJRVWDZNDJRG]LQRZD

ZW\PVDP\PF]DVLHZ]URVáD]]áKZURNXGR]áKZURNXWDE

6WXGLDL0DWHULDá\&(3/Z5RJRZLH

R. 16. Zeszyt 39 / 2B / 2014

223

:QLRVNL

:Z\QLNXSU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKDQDOL]VIRUPXáRZDQRQDVWĊSXMąFHZQLRVNL

1DWHUHQLH1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLZODWDFK±RUD]±G]LDáDáR

QDWRPLDVWZODWDFK±SU\ZDWQ\FK¿UPOHĞQ\FK]DWUXGQLDMąF\FKRGSUD-

FRZQLNyZZURNXGRRVyEZURNX'RSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQD=8/HXĪ\ZDá\

RGGRV]WXNSLODUHNVSDOLQRZ\FKDGR]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRXĪ\ZDQR

JáyZQLHFLąJQLNyZUROQLF]\FK]]DPRQWRZDQ\PLSU]\F]HSDPL]Z\VLĊJQLNLHP+'6EąGĨ

Z\FLąJDUNDPLQDWRPLDVWGRGUHZQDGáXJLHJRFLąJQLNyZVSHFMDOLVW\F]Q\FK/.7

3UDFRFKáRQQRĞüSRGF]DVSR]\VNDQLDRUD]]U\ZNLGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRMHVW]QDF]-

QLHZ\ĪV]DQLĪVRUW\PHQWyZZLHONRZ\PLDURZ\FKDĞZLDGF]ąFHVZRMHXVáXJLQDWHUHQLH

1DGOHĞQLFWZD5DG]\Ĕ3RGODVNLSU\ZDWQH¿UP\OHĞQHG\VSRQXMąZ\VWDUF]DMąFąOLF]EąSUD-

FRZQLNyZRUD]PDV]\QGRSR]\VNDQLDL]U\ZNLGUHZQDSU]HZLG]LDQHJRRERZLą]XMąF\PL

SODQDPLFLĊü

6WDZNLJRG]LQRZH]D]U\ZNĊGUHZQDZLHONRZ\PLDURZHJRVąZ\ĪV]HQDSRZLHU]FKQLDFK

]UĊERZ\FKQLĪEH]]UĊERZ\FKDZSU]\SDGNXGUHZQDĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZHJRQLHPDWDNLHM

]DOHĪQRĞFL1DWRPLDVWZJUXSLHVRUW\PHQWyZZLHONRZ\PLDURZ\FKLĞUHGQLRZ\PLDURZ\FK

VWDZNLJRG]LQRZH]D]HUZDQLHGUHZQDVąZLĊNV]HSU]\JDWXQNDFKLJODVW\FKQLĪOLĞFLDVW\FK

DĞUHGQLDUyĪQLFDZ\QRVLRNRáR]á

/LWHUDWXUD

.DWDORJQRUPF]DVXGODSUDFOHĞQ\FKZ\NRQ\ZDQ\FKSU]\]U\ZFHGUHZQDĞURGNDPL

PHFKDQLF]Q\PL

.DWDORJQRUPF]DVXGODSUDFOHĞQ\FKZ\NRQ\ZDQ\FKZSR]\VNLZDQLXGUHZQD

.RFHO-3U\ZDWQ\VHNWRUXVáXJOHĞQ\FKZODWDFK±/HĞQH3UDFH%DGDZF]H

.RFHO-3U\ZDWQ\VHNWRUXVáXJOHĞQ\FK]SHUVSHNW\Z\ODW)RUXP/HĞQH&]áRZLHN

/DV'UHZQR

.RFHO-$QDOL]DG]LDáDOQRĞFL¿UPSU\ZDWQ\FKZ/DVDFK3DĔVWZRZ\FK'RN,QVW\WXWX

%DGDZF]HJR/HĞQLFWZD:DUV]DZD

6XZDáD0Ä2FHQDSURFHVyZWHFKQRORJLF]Q\FKSR]\VNLZDQLDGUHZQDSRGZ]JOĊGHP

NU\WHULyZVSRáHF]Q\FK´/HĞQH3UDFH%DGDZF]HQU

6XZDáD0.U\WHULDLRFHQ\SURFHVyZWHFKQRORJLF]Q\FKSR]\VNDQLDGUHZQDZWUZDáHM

L]UyZQRZDĪRQHMJRVSRGDUFHOHĞQHM0DWHULDá\V\PSR]MXPÄ8Ī\WNRZDQLHODVXLSUREOHP\

UHJXODFMLXĪ\WNRZDQLDODVXZ3ROVFH´

'DULXV]=DVWRFNL7DGHXV]0RVNDOLN-DURVáDZ6DGRZVNL-DNXE/LVLHFNL

.DWHGUD8Ī\WNRZDQLD/DVX

:\G]LDá/HĞQ\

6**:Z:DUV]DZLH