plik

LEKCJA 17

DOKUMENTACJA MIĘDZYNARODOWA W SPEDYCJI

International trade documentation for freight forwarders

Documentation is a requirement in international trade and for moving
goods. Well-ordered and accurate documents are essential for a freight
forwarder and are required for a successful export order and receipt of
payment for delivery. Freight forwarders need to know exactly what
document is required and when.

When preparing to move goods, the freight forwarder must first
receive clear instructions from the importer or exporter - ideally well
in advance of the goods being moved. These should be in writing and
can be done via email or fax. However, the shipper will often hand the
paperwork over to the driver collecting the goods, which is standard
practice for air freight. If any instructions are taken over the telephone,
they should then be confirmed to the customer in writing to avoid any
later problems.

Other documents that are provided by the importer or exporter include
invoices, packing lists and licences. Responsibility for hazardous
goods declarations also lies with the shipper.

Each mode of transport will have its own document of carriage, such
as the:



air waybill - for air freight



bill of lading ( morski list przewozowy) - for sea freight



CMR consignment note - for road freight

The issuer of these documents may differ, but freight forwarders need
to be familiar with them and their individual procedures.

Freight forwarders should also understand documents that relate to
customs clearance at import and export.

Załączniki:

air waybill/ bill of lading

LEKCJA 18

Hazardous substances -

MATERIAŁY NIEBEZPIECZNE

Podział wszystkich produkowanych na świecie materiałów niebezpiecznych na
13 klas zagrożeń zawiera szczegółową klasyfikację tych materiałów w
poszczególnych klasach (wg międzynarodowej konwencji ADR )

PODZIAŁ NA KLASY SUBSTANCJI NIEBEZPIECZNYCH:

KLASA 1

Materiały i przedmioty wybuchowe -

Explosive

substances and articles.

KLASA 2 - Gazy -

Gases, including compressed, liquified and

dissolved under pressure gases and vapors



Flammable gases (e.g. butane, propane acetylene)



Non-flammable and non-toxic, likely to cause asphyxiation (e.g.

nitrogen, CO

) or oxidisers (e.g. oxygen)



Toxic (e.g. Chlorine, Phosgene)

KLASA 3 - Materiały ciekłe zapalne -

Flammable liquids

KLASA 4.1 - Materiały stałe zapalne, materiały samoreaktywne
oraz materiały wybuchowe stałe odczulone

Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitized
explosives

KLASA 4.2 - Materiały samozapalne -

Substances liable to

spontaneous combustion

KLASA 4.3 Materiały wytwarzające w zetknięciu z wodą gazy
zapalne -

Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable

gases

KLASA 5.1 - Materiały utleniające -

Oxidizing substances

KLASA 5.2 Nadtlenki organiczne -

Organic peroxides

KLASA 6.1 Materiały trujące -

Toxic substances

KLASA 6.2 Materiały zakaźne -

Infectious substances

KLASA 7 Materiały promieniotwórcze -

Radioactive material

KLASA 8 Materiały żrące -

Corrosive substances

KLASA 9 Różne materiały i przedmioty niebezpieczne -

Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles



1-Explosives



2.1-Flammable gases



2.2-Non-toxic and non-flammable gases



2.3 Poison gases



3-Flammable liquids



4.1-Flammable solids



4.2-Spontaneously combustibles



4.3-Dangerous when wet



5.1-Oxidizers



5.2-Organic peroxides



6.1-Poison



6.2-Infectious substances



7-Radioactive



8-Corrosive

Miscellaneous dangerous substances

KOLORY ETYKIET I NALEPEK

Orange:

Explosive

Red:

Flammable Gas and Liquid

White:

Poison

Black/White:

Corrosive

Yellow:

Oxidizer

Green:

Non-flammable gas

Yellow

/White:

Radio Active

ON ROADWAYS

– NA DROGACH

Hazardous materials transported on roadways must carry a Department of
Transportation (DOT) warning label on the package.

Vehicles transporting quantities of hazardous materials must have
DOT placards affixed to all sides of the vehicle.

Bulk shipments, such as in gasoline tanker trucks, will have a four digit numeric
code instead of the hazard class in the center of the placard.

This number can be referenced in the DOTs "Emergency Response Guide Book"
to determine the identity and the emergency handling for the chemical involved.

Jak uniknąć ryzyka i kontrolować niebezpieczne materiały?Oto
kilka wskazówek:

Simple steps to control the risks of hazardous substances include:



storing chemicals according to the manufacturer's instructions
on the safety data sheet



keeping the minimum quantity of hazardous substances
necessary



storing incompatible substances separately



preventing release or leaks



training employees to store and handle hazardous substances
properly



labelling storage containers properly



storing flammable substances in suitable containers away from
sources of ignition, such as boilers and heaters



placing stores of liquid above ground where they're unlikely to
be damaged, for example away from driveways



maintaining gauges, valves and pipework



having procedures for dealing with emergency leaks



using a secondary containment system such as a drip tray or
bund (a storage area designed to prevent liquids escaping)



monitoring oil use - unexpectedly high use may indicate a leak

SŁOWNICTWO :

Hazardous substance-substancja niebezpieczna

To store – przechowywać

Gauges, valves and pipework –

mierniki, rurociągi , zawory

Manufacturer – producent

Safety – bezpieczeństwo

To prevent – zapobiec

To leak –wyciekać

To label – oznakować

Flammable substances – substancje łatwopalne

To place – umieścić

Suitable containers – odpowiednie kontenery

sources of ignition – zrodła zapłonu

secondary containment system

- System powstrzymywania wtórnego

https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/packing-goods-export-and-deciding-packing-
materials-be-used