ICE HOCKEY
Ice hockey is played on a hockey rink. During normal play, there are six players, including one goaltender, per team on
the ice at any time, each of whom (z których każdy) is on ice skates. The objective (cel) of the game is to score goals by
shooting a hard vulcanized rubber disc, the puck, into the opponent's goal net, which is placed at the opposite end of the
rink. The players may control the puck using a long stick with a blade (łopatka) that is curved at one end.
Players may also redirect (zmieniać kierunek) the puck with any part of their bodies, but with certain restrictions
(ograniczenia). Players can angle (ustawiać pod kątem) their feet so the puck can redirect into the net, but there can be no
kicking motion. Players may not intentionally (celowo) bat the puck into the net with their hands.
Hockey is an "offside" game, meaning that forward (do przodu) passes are allowed. Before the 1930s hockey was an
onside game, meaning that only backward (do tyłu) passes were allowed. The period (okres) of the onside game was the
golden age of stick-handling (używanie kija), which was the most important in moving the game forward. With the
arrival (przybycie) of offside rules, the forward pass transformed hockey into a truly team sport, where individual heroics
diminished in importance (straciło na znaczeniu) relative to team play.
The five players other than the goaltender are divided (podzieleni) into three forwards (napastnik) and two defensemen
(obrońcy). The forward positions consist of (składać się z) a center and two wingers: a left wing and a right wing.
Forwards often play together as units (formacja) or lines, with the same three forwards always playing together. The
defensemen usually stay together as a pair, but may change less often than the forwards. A substitution (zmiana) of a unit
at once is called a line change (zmiana formacji). Teams typically employ (stosować) alternate sets of forward lines and
defensive pairings when shorthanded (gra w osłabieniu) or on a power play (gra w przewadze). Substitutions are
permitted (dozwolone) at any time during the course of the game. When players are substituted during play, it is called
changing on the fly (w locie). A new NHL rule added in the 2005-2006 season prevents a team from changing their line
after they ice the puck (wybiją krążek na uwolnienie).
The boards (bandy) surrounding the ice help keep the puck in play and they can also be used as tools (narzędzia) to play
the puck. The referees, linesmen and the outsides (zewnętrzna część bramki) of the goal are "in play" and do not cause a
stoppage of the game when the puck or players are influenced (by either bouncing or colliding) into them. Play can be
stopped if the goal is knocked out of position (poruszona). When play is stopped, it is restarted with a faceoff
(wznowienie, bulik). Two players "face" (stają naprzeciwko) each other and an official drops the puck to the ice, where
the two players attempt to gain control of the puck.
There are three major (główne) rules of play in ice hockey which limit the movement (ruch) of the puck: offsides, icing
(uwolnienie) (a player shoots the puck across at least (przynajmniej) two red lines, the opposing team's goal line being the
last, and the puck is untouched. When icing occurs (zdarza się), a linesman stops play. Play is resumed (wznawiana) with
a faceoff in the defending zone (strefa obrony) of the team that committed the infraction (popełniać wykroczenie)), and
the puck going out of play. The puck goes "out of play" whenever it leaves the ice rink (onto the player benches (ławka),
over the "glass", or onto the protective netting above the glass) and a stoppage of play should be called by the officials. It
also does not matter if the puck comes back onto to the ice surface from those areas as the puck is considered dead once it
leaves the perimeter of the rink.
Penalties
For most penalties, the offending (faulujący) player is sent to the penalty box (ławka kar) and his team has to play
without him and with one less skater for a short amount of time. Most penalties last (trwa) for two minutes unless (chyba,
że) a major penalty has been assessed. The team that has taken the penalty is said to be playing shorthanded (w
osłabieniu) while the other team is on the power play (w przewadze).
A two-minute minor penalty (kara mniejsza) is often called for lesser (lżejsze) infractions (przewinienie) such as tripping
(spowodowanie upadku), elbowing, roughing (nadmierna ostrość w grze), high-sticking (gra wysokim kijem), too many
players on the ice, illegal equipment, charging (leaping into an opponent or body-checking him after taking more than two
strides), holding, interference (przeszkadzanie w grze) , delay of game, hooking (zahaczanie), or cross-checking. More
serious fouls of this type may be penalized by a four-minute double-minor (kara podwójna) penalty, especially those
which cause injury to the player. These penalties end either when the time runs out or the other team scores a goal on the
power play. In the case of a goal scored during the first two minutes of a double-minor, the penalty clock is set down to
two minutes upon a score. Five-minute major penalties (kara większa) are called for especially violent (brutalne)
instances of most minor infractions that result in intentional (celowy) injury to an opponent, as well as for fighting. Major
penalties are always served (odsiadywane) in full; they do not terminate (kończyć się) on a goal scored by the other team.
Equipment used by regular players
•
Helmet Combo - composed of a helmet with strap (pasek), and optionally a face cage or visor (szybka)
•
Neck Guard - helps prevent (zapobiec) injury from skates, sticks and pucks to the neck and throat. It is usually
optional as it restricts neck movement.
•
Shoulder Pads - also includes torso and spine (kręgosłup) protection from flying pucks and most collisions.
•
Elbow Pads - provides forearm and tricep protection against pucks in addition to a reinforced elbow cup.
•
Hockey Gloves - protects the hands; player's gloves are constructed with a very thin palm and fingers while
providing substantially more padding to the outside of the hands; also reinforces the thumb to prevent it bending
backwards.
•
Hockey Pants - incorporates thigh (udo), pelvic (miednica), hip and tailbone (kość ogonowa) pads
•
Jock/cup or ladies' pelvic protector (jillstrap) – (syspenzol)
•
Shin Guards (nagolenniki) - incorporating a kneepad as well, the shin guard has a hard shell in front to protect
against pucks, but usually has little or no protection on the calf.
•
Mouthguard (ochraniacz na zęby) - many variants exists from standard plastic guards to custom-moldable
compounds that make speaking easier.
•
Ice skates - incorporate a rigid shell, often reinforced with metal mesh to prevent a skate blade cutting through.
Unlike figure skates, hockey skates have a rounded heel and no toe picks as these can be dangerous in a "pile-up".
•
Hockey Stick - Made of wood or composite materials.
Goaltending equipment
Goalies are allowed special variations on equipment, both to increase their chance of stopping pucks and for extra
protection. They offer more protection from frontal impacts, while generally providing little or no protection to the
goalie's back. This is because a goalie should always face the action and a hit on a non-padded area is generally a mistake
on the part of the goalie.
•
Goal stick - incorporates a larger blade than player sticks as well as a widened flat shaft. Mostly used to block but
the goalie can play the puck with it.
•
Goal skates - thicker blade with a larger blade radius and less ankle support allows a goalie to slide off his skates
to make "pad stops" more easily.
•
Goalie mask or helmet and wire (siatka) facemask. Masks are fitted to the player's face and can withstand
(wytrzymać) multiple (wielokrotny) high-speed impacts from pucks. Most leagues including the NHL now require
goalies to hang a throat protector and/or wear a neck pad to protect against pucks and skate blades.
•
Chest and arm protector - more thickly padded in the front than a player's shoulder pads, also incorporating
forearm, elbow and bicep protection.
•
Blocker (odbijak), worn on the hand that holds the stick. It is a glove with a square pad on the back, used to
deflect shots.
•
Catch glove (rak), worn on the opposite hand, used to gather up the puck on the ice or catch a flying shot.
•
Goal jock or jill - better pelvic protection and more padding in front of the cup than a player's jock.
•
Goal pants - incorporating thicker thigh padding and additional pelvic/hip protection, but reduced groin
protection (this is mitigated by the jock and allows for increased flexibility)
•
Goal pads (parkany) - thickly padded leg pads covering the top of the skate, the player's shin and the knees. Pads
are 11" or 12" wide (recent NHL rule changes reduced the width of the pads) and sized to fit the individual
player's legs. Most shots are blocked by some method of "pad stop".
•
Socks, covering the leg from the foot to just above the knee or above. Usually this is the only protection afforded
to a goalie's calves, as the back of the goal pads are simply a series of straps.
Normally the stick has a left-hand curve, is held in the right hand with the blocker, and the catch is on the left. However,
"full right" goalies reverse this, holding a right-hand curve stick in the left hand and catching with the right. This is
largely personal preference, depending mostly on which hand the goalie is most comfortable catching with.
Officials
A typical game of ice hockey has two to four officials on the ice, charged with enforcing the rules of the game. There are
typically two linesmen who are responsible only for calling offside and icing violations, and one or two referees, who
call goals and all other penalties. Linesmen can, however, report to the referee(s) that a penalty more severe than a two-
minute minor penalty should be assessed against an offending player, or when a too many men on the ice infraction
occurs. On-ice officials are assisted by off-ice officials who act as goal judges, time keepers, and official scorers.
The most wide-spread system in use today is the 3-man system, that features one referee and two linesmen. With the first
being the National Hockey League, a number of leagues have started to implement the 4-official system, where an
additional referee is added to aid in the calling of penalties normally difficult to assess by one single referee. The system
has proven quite successful in the NHL and the IIHF have adopted it for the World Championships, slightly discussed
during the 2008 World Championships in Quebec City and Halifax, Canada. Many other leagues are adopting the system
for the next season, which only downside at the moment is the increased cost for the leagues.
Glossary:
Asysta
Assist
Banda
Boards
Bójka
Fight
Bramka
Goal
Bramka zdobyta strzałem pod poprzeczką
Top shelf goal
Bramka zdobyta w osłabieniu
Shorthanded goal
Bramka zdobyta w przewadze
Powerplay goal
Bramkarz
Goaltender (Goalie)
Czyste konto (bramkarza)
Shotout
Dogrywka (kończąca się zdobyciem bramki
przez którąś z drużyn)
Sudden-death overtime
Drzewiec (kija)
Shaft
Faul
Foul
Gra w przewadze
Power play
Kamizelka ochronna
Body pad
Kara
Penalty
Kara mniejsza
Minor penalty
Kara większa
Major penalty
Kara za atak kijem trzymanym oburącz
Cross-checking penalty
Kara za atak z tyłu
Checking from behind penalty
Kara za grę łokciami
Elbowing penalty
Kara za grę wysokim kijem
High-sticking penalty
Kara za kłucie kijem
Spearing penalty
Kara za nadmierną ostrość w grze
Roughing penalty
Kara za niedozwolony udział w grze
Interference penalty
Kara za niesportowe zachowanie
Unsportsmanlike conduct penalty
Kara za podcinanie
Clipping penalty
Kara za przytrzymywanie przeciwnika
Holding penalty
Kara za spowodowanie upadku przeciwnika Tripping penalty
Kara za szarżowanie
Charging penalty
Kara za uderzanie kijem
Slashing penalty
Kara za wrzucenie na bandę
Boarding penalty
Kara za zahaczanie
Hooking penalty
Kask
Helmet
Kij
Stick
Krążek
Puck
Linia bramkowa
Goal line
Lodowisko
Rink
Linia niebieska
Blue line
Linia środkowa
Centre line
Łapaczka (bramkarza)
Catch glove
Ławka kar
Penalty box
Łopatka (kija)
Blade
Łyżwy
Skates
Maska na twarz
Face mask
Nagolennik
Shin pad
Nakolannik
Knee pad
Nałokietnik
Elbow pad
Narożnik
Rink corner
NHL
National Hockey League
Obrońca
Defence
Ochraniacz barku
Shoulder pad
Ochraniacz krtani
Throat protector
Ochraniacz ramienia
Arm pad
Odbijaczka (bramkarza)
Back pad
Ostrze (łyżwy)
Blade
Parkan
Goalkeeper's pad
Pas ochronny (hokeisty)
Protective girdle
Piętka (kija)
Heel
Poprzeczka (bramki)
Crossbar
Przemieszczenie bramki
Displacing the goal
Punkt wznowienia gry
Face-off spot
Rękawice
Gloves
Rzut karny
Penalty shot
Sędzia bramkowy
Goal judge
Sędzia główny
Referee
Sędzia liniowy
Linesman
Skrzydłowy
Wing
Spalony
Offside
Spalony na niebieskiej
Blue line offside
Spodnie
Trousers
Stanowisko osób oficjalnych
Officials' bench
Strefa ataku
Attacking zone
Strefa bramkowa
Goal crease
Strefa między nogami bramkarza
5 hole
Strefa neutralna
Neutral zone
Strefa obrony
Defending zone
Strzał z nadgarstka
Wrist shot
Środek (lodowiska)
Centre
Tercja
Period
Uderzenie bez przyjęcia (krążka)
One-timer
Zakończenie (kija)
Butt end
Zdobyć bramkę
Score a goal