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Between Sword
and Prayer
Warfare and Medieval Clergy
in Cultural Perspective
Edited by Radosław Kotecki,
Jacek Maciejewski
and John S. Ott
BE
TWEEN SW
ORD AND PRA
YER
Radosła
w K
ot
ecki, J
acek Maciejewski and J
ohn S. Ot
t (Eds
.)
EXPLORATIONS IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE, 3
issn 2352-0299
brill.com/emc
EMC
3
Between Sword and Prayer is a broad-ranging anthology focused on the
involvement of medieval clergy in warfare and a variety of related military
activities. The essays address, on the one hand, the issue of clerical participation
in combat, in organizing military campaigns, and in armed defense, and on
the other, questions surrounding the political, ideological, or religious
legitimization of clerical military aggression. These perspectives are further
enriched by chapters dealing with the problem of the textual representation
of clergy who actively participated in military affairs.
The essays in this volume span Latin Christendom, encompassing
geographically the four corners of medieval Europe: Western, East-
Central, Northern Europe, and the Mediterranean.
Contributors: Carlos de Ayala Martínez, Geneviève Bührer-Thierry, Chris Dennis,
Pablo Dorronzoro Ramírez, Lawrence G. Duggan, Daniel Gerrard,
Robert Houghton, Carsten Selch Jensen, Radosław Kotecki, Jacek Maciejewski,
Ivan Majnarić, Monika Michalska, Michael Edward Moore, Craig M. Nakashian,
John S. Ott, Katherine Allen Smith, and Anna Waśko.
Radosław Kotecki, Ph.D. (2013), Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz,
Poland, is Adjunct at that university. He has published essays on medieval
church and cultural history, and is co-editor of several volumes, including
Ecclesia et Violentia (Cambridge Scholars, 2014).
Jacek Maciejewski, Ph.D. (1996), is full Professor at Kazimierz Wielki
University, Poland. He has published extensively on the Polish medieval
episcopacy. He is the author of three monographs, including Episkopat polski
doby dzielnicowej, 1180–1320 (Societas Vistulana, 2003), and Adventus episcopi
(UKW, 2013)
John S. Ott, Ph.D. (1999), Stanford University, is Professor of History
at Portland State University. He is co-editor of The Bishop Reformed
(Ashgate, 2007), and the author of Bishops, Authority and Community
in Northwestern Europe, c.1050–1150 (Cambridge University Press, 2015).
Contents
Acknowledgements
vii
List of Abbreviations
viii
List of Contributors
xiii
The Medieval Clergy and War: A Historiographical Introduction
1
Radosław Kotecki, Jacek Maciejewski, and John S. Ott
1
Bishops as City Defenders in Early Medieval Gaul and Germany
24
Geneviève Bührer-Thierry
2
The Frankish Church and Missionary War in Central Europe
46
Michael Edward Moore
3
“De clericis qui pugnaverunt, aut pugnandi gratia armati fuerunt”:
Bishop Geoffrey of Coutances (1048–1093) and Clerical Participation
in the Battle of Hastings
88
Chris Dennis
4
Why Study Fighting Clergy? Knight Service, Integrated War, and the
Bounds of English Military History, c. 1000–1200
117
Daniel Gerrard
5
Orderic Vitalis and Henry of Huntingdon: Views of Clerical Warfare
from Inside and Outside the Cloister
159
Craig M. Nakashian
6
Ungirded for Battle: Knightly Conversion to Monastic Life and the
Making of Weapon-Relics in the Central Middle Ages
182
Katherine Allen Smith
7
The Episcopate and Reconquest in the Times of Alfonso vii of Castile
and León
207
Carlos de Ayala Martínez
8
The Aragonese Episcopate and the Military Campaigns of Alfonso i
the Battler against Iberian Muslims
233
Pablo Dorronzoro Ramírez
vi
contents
9
Italian Bishops and Warfare during the Investiture Contest: The Case
of Parma
274
Robert Houghton
10
Lions and Lambs, Wolves and Pastors of the Flock: Portraying Military
Activity of Bishops in Twelfth-Century Poland
303
Radosław Kotecki
11
A Bishop Defends His City, or Master Vincentius’s Troubles with the
Military Activity of His Superior
341
Jacek Maciejewski
12
In the Service of Bellona: Images of “Militant Abbots” in Late Twelfth-
and Early Thirteenth-Century Historiography of St. Gall
(continuationes ii and iii of Casuum Sancti Galli)
369
Monika Michalska
13
Bishops and Abbots at War: Some Aspects of Clerical Involvement in
Warfare in Twelfth- and Early Thirteenth-Century Livonia and
Estonia
404
Carsten Selch Jensen
14
Tending the Flock: Clergy and a Discourse of War in the Wider
Hinterland of the Eastern Adriatic during the Late Twelfth and
Thirteenth Centuries
435
Ivan Majnarić
15
“Freedom is the greatest thing”: Bishops as Fighters for Freedom in
Fifteenth-Century Sweden
470
Anna Waśko
16
The Evolution of Latin Canon Law on the Clergy and Armsbearing to
the Thirteenth Century
497
Lawrence G. Duggan
Select Bibliography
517
Index
531
