Class 9 – Accounting and financial statements – vocabulary

• receipt – przychody, wpływy

  • the money that a business, bank, or government receives

• payroll – lista płac

  • the total amount of wages paid to all the people working in a particular company or industry

• journal – dziennik handlowy

  • a written record that you make of the things that happen to you each day

• ledger – księga handlowa

  • a book in which are recorded how much money is received and spent

• trial balance – bilans próbny

  • a list of all the general ledger accounts contained in the ledger of a business

• to sign off – zaakeptować pisemnie

  • to show that something is finished by signing an official document

• to deduct – odliczać

  • to take away an amount or part from a total

• working capital – kapitał pracujący, obrotowy

  • the money that is available to be used for the costs

• to over-borrow – zapożyczać się

  • to borrow more money than you can pay back or pay the interest on

• depreciation – deprecjacja

  • a reduction in the value

• to write off – odpisywać

  • to reduce the amount of money in order to reduce tax that you have to pay

• leverage – dźwignia finansowa

  • a general term for any technique to multiply gains and losses

• accured – należne, narosłe

  • if money accrues, it gradually increases over a period of time

• blue collar (manual worker) – robotnik fizyczny

  • blue-collar workers do physical work, rather than working in offices

• variable cost – koszty pośrednie

  • expenses that change in proportion to the activity

• direct cost – koszty bezpośrednie

  • costs that can easily be associated with a particular cost object

• capital expenditure – nakłady kapitałowe

  • expenditures creating future benefits

• marginal cost – koszt marginalny

  • the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced changes by one unit

• installment - rata

  • one of a series of regular payments that you make until you have paid all the money you owe

• to escalate – wzrosnąć, wzrastać

  • to become higher or increase

• to figure out – wykombinować

  • to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened

• to plough back - reinwestować

  • to use money that you have earned from a business to make the business bigger and more successful

• to put a risk – podejmować ryzyko

• ballpark figure – wielkość przybliżona

  • a number or amount that is almost but not exactly correct

• deceptive – mylny, oszukańczy

  • intended to make someone believe something that is not true

• dubious – podejrzany, wątpliwy

  • probably not honest, true, right

• exact – dokładny, precyzyjny

  • completely correct in every detail

• to release – opublikować

  • to let news or official information be known and printed