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Helen King/Corbis
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Tim Graham/Corbis
The late Princess of Wales spoke candidly about her battle against bulimia.
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B. Bodine/Custom Medical Stock
B. Bodine/Custom Medical Stock
These women are at different stages of anorexia.
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© Joe Major/DK Stock/Getty Images
Anorexia seldom occurs among North American black women.
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SuperStock
Vauthey Pierre/Corbis Sygma
Changing concepts of ideal weight are evident in a 17th-century painting by Peter Paul Rubens and in a photograph of a current fashion model.
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IFA Bilderteam/eStock Photography/PictureQuest
This subject is participating in a polysomnograph, an overnight electronic evaluation of sleep patterns.
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IT Stock Int'l/Index Stock Imagery/Picture Quest
Annie Griffiths Belt/Corbis
In the United States, children usually sleep alone (left). In many cultures, all family members share the same bed (right).
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Spencer Grant/PhotoEdit, Inc.
Excessive sleepiness can be very disruptive.
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© John Griffin/The Image Works
Bright light therapy can help people with circadian rhythm sleep disorders readjust their sleep patterns.
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© Rob Lewine/Corbis
A nightmare is distressing for both child and parent.
Figure 8.1 n Lifetime prevalence of bulimia among female twins. (From “The Genetic Epidemiology of Bulimia Nervosa,” by G. S. Kendler, C. MacLean, M. Neale, R. Kessler, A. Heath, andL. Evans American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(12), 1627-1637. Copyright © 1991 by the American Psychiatric Association. Reprinted by permission.)
Figure 8.2 n Male and female ratings of body size. (Based on Stunkard, Sorensen, & Schulsinger, 1980.)
Figure 8.3 n The onset of obesity over 4 years for self-labeled dieters versus self-labeled nondieters. (From Stice et al., 1999.)
Figure 8.4 n An integrative causal model of eating disorders.
Figure 8.5 n Remission rates (i.e., proportion not meeting DSM-IV criteria for eating disorder) in patients who received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) (n 5 35), behavior therapy (BT) (n 5 22), or focal interpersonal therapy (FIT) (n 5 32). Mean (6SD) length of follow-up was 5.8 6 2.0 years. (From “Psychotherapy and Bulimia Nervosa: The Longer-Term Effects of Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy,” by C. G. Fairburn, R. Jones, R. C. Peveler, R. A. Hope, and M. O'Connor, 1993, Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 419-428. Copyright © 1993 by the American Medical Association. Reprinted by permission.)
Figure 8.6 n Mortality rates in relation to the body mass index (BMI) of nonsmoking men and women (of all ages) who participated in the American Cancer Society study. (From “Assessment of Morbidity and Mortality Risk in the Overweight Patient,” by T. B. Vanitallie and E. A. Lew, in Treatment of the Seriously Obese Patient, by T. A. Wadden and T. B. Vanitallie (Eds.), p. 28. Copyright © 1992 Guilford Press. Reprinted with permission.)
Figure 8.7 n Treatment approaches for obesity in adults: a conceptual scheme of a three-stage process for selecting treatment. The first step classifies people into one of four levels based on body mass index (BMI) to indicate which of four interventions is likely to be most appropriate in the second stage, the stepped-care decision. All individuals are encouraged to increase their physical activity and consume an appropriate diet. When this approach is not successful, more intensive intervention may be warranted. The thick solid arrows point to treatments usually most appropriate when less intensive interventions have not been successful. The third stage, the matching decision, is used to make a final treatment selection based on the individual's prior weight-loss efforts, treatment preferences, and need for weight reduction (as judged by overall health). The dashed lines point to treatment options for people with a reduced need for weight reduction because of a reduced risk of health complications. The thin solid arrows show the more intensive treatment options for people who, despite relatively low BMI levels, have increased risks of health complications. Adjunct nutritional or psychological counseling is recommended for patients who report problems with meal planning, depression, body image, or similar difficulties. (Adapted from Wadden et al., 2002.)
Figure 8.8 n An integrative multidimensional model of sleep disturbance.
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