Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Rationale for Web-based Communicative
Teaching
•integrative CALL (1990s-present)
(Warschauer 1996)
•primary of goal of CALL is to:
•facilitate communicative situations
•promote linguistic interaction
•create authentic context for
communication
(Chapelle 1997)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
CMC (Computer-Mediated
Communication)
Increasingly common forms of CMC
(Krajka 2007)
:
•telecollaborative tasks
•telecollaboration projects
PrOCALL (Project-Oriented Computer
Assisted Language Learning)
(Jeon-Ellis et al. 2005)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
PrOCALL adheres to principles of
Communicative Approach
(Krajka 2007)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
PrOCALL reaches beyond Communicative
Approach
•involves genuine communication
•permits international/intercultural
communication
•sets no TL model of communication
•enables Ss to negotiate communication
•fosters ICC competence
(Byram 1997)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
PrOCALL (Project-Oriented Computer
Assisted Language Learning)
•facilitates holistic learning (in/out of
classroom)
•employs modern technology
•triggers ability to use language & create
social realities
(Jeon-Ellis et al. 2005)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Successful Web-based project learning:
•Web-based TL projects central in classroom
•Ss select projects personally
•meaningful/motivating
•Ss collaborate through CMC in/out of class
(Debski 2000)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Successful Web-based project learning:
•TL used for negotation of
tasks/collaboration
•Teaching lg form not scheduled in advance
•Ss & T share responsibility for learning
outcomes
(Debski 2000)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
PrOCALL - study outcomes:
•genuine expression of views
(Mueller-Hartmann 2000)
•greater control over language means
•greater sociolinguistic awareness
(competence)
(Ewing 2000)
•authentic interaction
•opportunities for input/output
(Gu 2002)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Components of communication-oriented
speaking activities:
•specification, selection, adoption of roles
•outcomes (clear purpose)
•procedures (steps, work modes)
•information gap
•challenge (special effort, e.g. competition)
(Nation 1989)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Approaches to Web-assisted speaking
(Krajka 2007)
•Web as input for speaking (webquests, ask-
an-
expert activities)
•Web as model for speaking skills (news
sites,
online debates, sermons, speeches, ads)
• Web discussion (text-based conferencing,
videoconferencing)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Approaches to Web-assisted speaking
•Computer presentations
•thought out
•revised
•rehearsed
•with minimised tension
(Schcolnik & Kol 1999)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Web-based teaching of pronunciation
•audio quizzes
•varied audio materials
•TTS technology
•audio software
(Krajka 2007)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
TTS technology (gives developer control
over ):
•speech variables
•Ss’ exposure to accents
•task customisation
(Sobkowiak 2003)
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
Digital audio (easy to):
•search for
•retrieve
•manipulate
•store
•play back
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Dydaktyka szczegółowa - wykład Mariusz Marczak, PhD
Developing speaking skills
through ICT
(bibliography)
•Chapelle, C. (1997). Call in the year 2000: Still in search of research paradigm? Language
Learning & Technology, 1(1), 19-43.
•Debski, R. (2000). Exploring the re-creation of a CALL innovation. Computer Assisted Language
Learning, 13(4-5), 307-332.
•Ellis, R. (1982) Informal and Formal Approaches to Communicative Language Teaching. ELT
Journal 36(2).
•Ewing, M. (2000). Conversations of Indonesian language students on computer-mediated
projects: Linguistic responsibility and control. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 13 (4):
333–356.
•Gu, P. (2002). Effects of project-based CALL on Chinese EFL learners. Asian Journal of English
Language Teaching 12, 195-210.
•Jeon-Ellis, G., Debski, R. & Wigglesworth, G. (2005) Oral Interaction Around Computers in the
Project-oriented Call Classroom. Language Learning & Technology 9(3).
•Krajka, J. (2007) English Language Teaching in the Internet-Enhanced Environment. UMCS
University Press.
•Mueller-Hartmann, A. (2000) The Role of Tasks in Promoting Intercultural Learning in Electronic
Learning Networks. Language Learning & Technology 4(2).
•Nation, P. (1989) Speaking activities. Five features. ELT Journal 43(1).
•Schcolnik, M. & Kol, S. (1999) Using Presentation Software to Enhance Language Learning. The
Internet TESL Journal 5(3).
•Sobkowiak, W. (2003) TTS in EFL CALL – Some pedagogical considerations. Teaching English
with Technology 3(4).
Warschauer, M. (1996) ‘Computer Assisted Language Learning: an Introduction’. In Fotos, S. (ed.)
Multimedia Language Teaching. Tokyo: Logos International, pp. 3–20.