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Felicitas Fahrenkrog-Petersen, Marta Kędzierska,
 Janani Pratap, Evelyn Kamau, Thomas Koch, Bastian Lorenz

The Low Cost Airline

24.05.2012

Strategic Management Case Study

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Agenda

History / 

Facts

Generic 

strategies 

model

Bowman‘s 

clock

Core 

competen

cies

Competito

rs

Alliance 

option

Conclusio

n

2

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History / Facts

History / 

Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

198

7 - 

89

199

1

198

5

200

0

199

7

•Website launch

•First routes to continental Europe

•Public limited company

•New CEO (Michael O‘Leary)

•Rapid expand

•Need for restructuring

•Foundation (Tony Ryan)

3

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History / Facts

History / 

Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

• Europe’s largest low fares carrier

• Headquarter in Dublin, biggest 

operational  base in London

• RyanAir’s numbers: 

- 1 special type of boeing (737 -800)
- 14 further bases
- 250 destinations in all of Europe
- 2700 employees

4

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History / Facts

Measurement  

Factor

Ryanair

EasyJet

Lufthansa

Total number of 

passengers

27.6 million

29.6 million

50.9 million

Average fare

€ 41

€ 62

NA

Average 

revenue per 

passenger

€48.4

€72

€333

Average Cost 

per passenger

€38.7

€69.4

€328

Operating 

Margin

25%

3.8%

1.6%

Total number of 

planes

119

109

377

Plane Load 

Factor

86.4%

85.2%

74%

Ground handling 

+ airport 

charges (000)

€178.4

€540.9

NA

History / 

Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Comparative Operating Figures for Ryanair and selected 
competitors (2005)

Source: Neil Thomson and Charles Baden-Fuller, Basic Strategy in Context (Wiley, 2010) 
Ryanair Case Study

5

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies 

model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Where is RyanAir on the Generic Strategies 

Model and Bowman’s clock? Should they 

move and if so where do you feel they 

should move to? 

Overall Cost Leadership

Cost Focus

Differentiation Focus

Differentiation

B

ro

a

d

N

a

rr

o

w

Low cost

Higher cost

Source: Neil Thomson and Charles Baden-Fuller, Basic Strategy in Context 
(Wiley, 2010), 180.

Competitive advantage

C

o

m

p

e

ti

ti

v

e

 s

c

o

p

e

6

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s 

clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Where is RyanAir on the Generic Strategies 

Model and Bowman’s clock? Should they 

move and if so where do you feel they 

should move to? 

Source: Neil Thomson and Charles Baden-Fuller, Basic Strategy in Context 
(Wiley, 2010), 184.

Pric
e

Low

Lo

w

High

H

ig

h

Hybrid

Differentiatio

n

Low 
Price

Focused 
Differentiation

No 
Frills

Differentiation 

Strategies

Low Price 

Strategies

Risk 
Strategies

Increased 
Price/ Standard 
Value

Increased 
Price/ Low 
Value

Standard Price/ 
Low Value

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

P

e

rc

e

iv

e

d

 A

d

d

e

d

 

V

a

lu

e

7

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s 

clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Where is RyanAir on the Generic Strategies 

Model and Bowman’s clock? Should they 

move and if so where do you feel they 

should move to? 

Short-haul 

flights 

(Point-to-

point)

Low costs

Single 

aircraft type

Internet 

booking

Secondary 

airport

Basic 

service on 

board

Fast and 

easy Check-

In

NO FRILLS

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencie

s

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

What are RyanAir’s core competencies? 

(max. 2) Why? Pick number one, why?

Core Competencies - A combination of 

pooled knowledge, resources and 

capabilities that enable a company to gain 

competitive advantages

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencie

s

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

What are RyanAir’s core competencies? 

(max. 2) Why? Pick number one, why?

TEST 1

Desirable to 

customer?

Change over 

time?

Defendable?

Cost 

Leadership

Yes

Yes

Yes

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencie

s

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

What are RyanAir’s core competencies? 

(max. 2) Why? Pick number one, why?

TEST 2

Valuabl

e?

Rare?

Hard to 

imitate?

Organiz

ed 

Properl

y ?

Competiti

ve 

Implicatio

ns

Cost 

Leadersh

ip

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Sustainabl

e

Advantag

e

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Major competitors

History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Imagine you are RyanAir’s major competitor. 

How would you exploit RyanAir’s strategy to 

your benefit?

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• The Critical Success Factors (CSFs):

– lowest

 

prices

reliability

comfort

service

frequency 

and

 safety

• Cost reduction strategy: 

– fleet commonality
– 3

rd

 party service contractors

–  low airport charges (secondary 

airports)

– managed staff costs and productivity
– managed marketing costs (only 

Ryanair.com)

History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Imagine you are RyanAir’s major competitor. 

How would you exploit RyanAir’s strategy to 

your benefit?

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Imagine you are RyanAir’s major competitor. 

How would you exploit RyanAir’s strategy to 

your benefit?

DIFFERENTIATION

Result of efforts to make 

a product or brand stand out as 

a provider of 

unique value to customers in 

comparison with its competitors.

ADAPTATION

Modification of a concept or object to 

make it applicable in situations different 

from originally anticipated.

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Imagine you are RyanAir’s major competitor. 

How would you exploit RyanAir’s strategy to 

your benefit?

RyanAir

Competitor

ROUTES

Direct / short 

distance / 

Europe

Full range / worldwide

AIRPORTS

Secondary 

airports

Primary airports / 

infrastructure 

AIRCRAFT

S

One type

One type

COSTS

Cooperations / 

third 

contractors

Cooperations / third 

contractors

BOOKING

Mainly online

Exclusively online / 

Permanent availability

SERVICE

Low service

Excellent Service

EXTRAS

Fee for extra 

service

e.g. Frequent traveler 

program

DIFFERENTIA

TION

ADAPTATION

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Should RyanAir stay independent? 
• Company philosophy clashes
• Security and quality differences
• Image destruction
• Higher failure rate
• More management required
• Long hall flight issues (higher cost)
• Current state of success

 

History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance 

option

Conclusion

Should RyanAir stay independent? 

Or should it join an alliance?

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Should RyanAir join an alliance?
• increase passenger demand
• loyal customers
• more destinations, new market
• lesser competition
• benefits:                         

– faster and smoother transfer
– frequent flyer program
– easier booking

•if opponent airlines join an alliance

(“first- mover”)

 

History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance 

option

Conclusion

Should RyanAir stay independent? 

Or should it join an alliance?

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History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance 

option

Conclusion

Should RyanAir stay independent? 

Or should it join an alliance?

Stay 

Independent 

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Conclusion

History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Pick and stick!

Adapt and 

differentiate!

Stay 

independent! 

For now…

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Outlook

History / Facts

Generic 

strategies model

Bowman‘s clock

Core 

competencies

Competitors

Alliance option

Conclusion

Present
 

• Profits rose 25 % to € 503 Mio. 

• Passengers rose 5 % to 76 Mio.

• Average fares rose 16 %

Future

• Profits will sink 10 – 15 %

• Traffic will grow 5 %

• Average fares will continue to rise

Source: http://www.ftd.de/unternehmen/handel-dienstleister/:nach-
gewinnsprung-ryanair-kapituliert-vor-kerosinkosten/70039893.html

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