Eating disorders
Eating disorders
Eating disorder
Eating disorders are conditions defined by abnormal eating habits that
may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment
of an individual's physical and mental health.
Eating disorders -- such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder
– include extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding
weight and food issues. Eating disorders are serious emotional and
physical problems that can have life-threatening consequences for
females and males.
Types of eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Orthorexia Nervosa
Pica
Trichophagia
Dermatophagia
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by
immoderate food restriction, inappropriate eating habits or
rituals, obsession with having a thin figure, and an irrational
fear of weight gain, as well as a distorted body self-perception.
It typically involves excessive weight loss and is diagnosed
approximately nine times more often in females than in males.
Signs and symptoms of anorexia
nervosa
Obvious, rapid, dramatic weight loss at least 15% under normal body weight
Amenorrhea, a symptom that occurs after prolonged weight loss
Obsession with calories and fat content of food
Preoccupation with food, recipes, or cooking
Food rituals
May engage in frequent, strenuous, or compulsive exercise
Perception of self as overweight despite being told by others they are too thin
Intolerance to cold and frequent complaints of being cold
Depression
Solitude
Dry hair and skin, as well as hair thinning
Fatigue
Rapid mood swings
Causes
Genetics
A combination of certain personality traits
Cultural and social pressures
Stressful life events
Treatment
Treatment for anorexia nervosa tries to address three main
areas:
Restoring the person to a healthy weight;
Treating the psychological disorders related to the illness;
Reducing or eliminating behaviours or thoughts that
originally led to the disordered eating.
Bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge
eating and purging, or consuming a large amount of food in a
short amount of time followed by an attempt to rid oneself of
the food consumed, typically by vomiting, taking a laxative,
diuretic, or stimulant, and/or excessive exercise, because of
an extensive concern for body weight.
Signs and symptoms of bulimia
nervosa
Chronic gastric reflux after eating
Dehydration caused by frequent vomiting
Electrolyte imbalance, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest,
and even death
Oral trauma, in which repetitive insertion of fingers or other objects causes
lacerations to the lining of the mouth or throat
Infertility
erosion of tooth enamel
fixation on number of calories consumed
fixation on and extreme consciousness of weight
low self-esteem
low blood pressure
irregular menstrual cycle
constant trips to the bathroom
depression
Causes
Genetic,
psychological,
trauma,
family,
society,
cultural
Bulimia is likely due to more than one factor.
Treatment
Breaking the binge-and-purge cycle
Changing unhealthy thoughts and patterns
Solving emotional issues
Ortorexia Nervosa
Orthorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsession with avoiding
foods perceived to be unhealthy. It is important to differentiate between
healthy individuals who choose specific diets for any number of
reasons, and those who exhibit obsessive compulsive behavior that
leads to an unhealthy condition or lifestyle.
Orthorexics find themselves being unable to take part in everyday
activities. They isolate themselves and often become intolerant of other
people's views about food and health.
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