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4 Target of the European Union

„20 - 20 – 20“

- this target was adopted by the European Council at its Spring 2007 meeting

By 2020:
1) saving of 20% of the Union's primary energy consumption by the

increasing of energy efficiency

a) on the side of production

: for example: expansion of cogeneration technologies

(a combination of production of electricity and heat, etc..).

b) on the side of consumption

: increasing energy efficiency in consumption, for

example: insulation of buildings, use of efficient devices, light sources, ...,

2) the EU has committed to cutting its emissions to 20% below 1990 levels

3) the EU will reach a 20% share of energy from renewable

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:0265:FIN:SK:PDF

http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/targets_sk.pdf

http://www.energia.sk/analyza/energeticka-efektivnost/eu-chce-viac-setrit-energiami/6832/

http://www.worldenergy.org/documents/ser_2010_report_1.pdf

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http://www.kombinovana-vyroba.cz/

http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogenerace

In the

cogeneration process

the waste heat is

advantageously used for domestic hot water

heating, and similar purposes. At the same time

the energy is used to generate electricity and

waste heat is available for further use.

It is possible to reach about 80% of the thermal

efficiency based on the energy content of the

fuel calorific value.

The

thermal power plants

is the energy

conversion efficiency low, even in the most

modern plants is a maximum of 50 %.

One of the way how to improve energy efficiency is using of energy cogeneration.

a) Energy efficiency improvements on the production side

4.1 Increasing of energy efficiency

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Note: Transport and industry

consume more than half of

the total final energy in the

EU, while a quarter of final

energy is consumed by

households.

Final energy consumption by
sector of the EU states

Note: Final energy

consumed by transport has

strongly increased in the

last 2 decades

(+31%) even though the

economic crisis has slightly

reversed the curb in 2009.

Evolution of energy consumption
by sector of the EU states

b) Energy efficiency improvements on the side of consumption

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Energy savings potential by sectors

http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/commission/2011/Presentation_speeches/2ndDay/02_Fabrizio_Barbaso.pdf

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Note: Energy industries are responsible for 35% of CO

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emissions. Transport

comes just after with 30% of CO

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emissions.

Production of CO

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by sectors in EU counties in 2009

4.2 Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in EU

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Evolution of the greenhouse gas emissions in EU countries

http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer

The term EU-15 refers to the 15 Member States of the European Union as of December 31, 2003, before the

new Member States joined the EU. The 15 Member States are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

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Member states

’ progress towards 2020 targets in

renewable energy

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2012_energy_transport_figures.pdf

4.3 Increasing of use of renewable energy in EU

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Evolution of EU gross inland energy consumption by fuel

Note: The quasi-stability of energy consumption in the EU (it increased by only 2%

between 1990 and 2009) hides a strong decline in coal consumption (-41%) while the

consumption of renewables and gas grew by 116% and 41% respectively.

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Energy mix in member states in 2009

Note: The picture of the energy mix strongly varies among Member States. For

instance Malta energy consumption is 100% dependent on oil, while oil accounts

for less than 20% of the energy consumption in Estonia.

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Expected development of the EU's energy from renewable sources by 2020

Note: Solar, wind and biomass are the technologies progressing most rapidly.

Solar and wind develop for electricity generation while biomass remains dominant

for the heating sector.

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Development of investments in renewable energy

Note: In 2009, investment in renewable energy fell in the EU by 10% in the context

of the economic crisis, while it increased by more than 50% in China…

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Electricity generation in the EU by type of fuel (comparison between 1990 and 2009)

Note: Gas and renewables are more and more contributing to the electricity

generation in the EU, just after nuclear and coal….

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Note: In 2009, 15 Member States produced electricity from nuclear energy, with the

highest share in France (76 %).

Share of nuclear in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Note: Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Ireland and Italy produced more than 50 %

of their electricity from gas.

Share of gas in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Note: Electricity generation from coal remains particularly high in Poland and

Estonia.

Share of coal (and other solid fuels) in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Note: Electricity generation in Malta and Cyprus is quasi exclusively

dependent on oil.

Share of oil in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)

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http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/countries/doc/key_figures.pdf

Share of renewables in national electricity generation in 2009 (in %)

Note: In Austria, 68 % of electricity generation was provided by renewable energy

sources in 2009 while the EU average was of 18%...

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