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Document Outline

• Front Matter
• Table of Contents
• 3. Electrical Measurements 
  • 3.1 Introduction 
  • 3.2 Origin of Charge 
  • 3.3 Fundamental Measurements 
    • 3.3.1 Measurement of Bulk Powder Resistivity and Dielectric Constant 
      • 3.3.1.1 Measuring bulk resistivity of a powder 
      • 3.3.1.2 Measurement error in resistivity 
      • 3.3.1.3 Surface resistivity 
      • 3.3.1.4 Packed bed models of resistivity for conduction probes 
      • 3.3.1.5 Packed bed models of permittivity for capacitance probes 
      • 3.3.1.6 Measuring effective dielectric constant (permittivity) of a powder 
    • 3.3.2 Measurement of Charge 
      • 3.3.2.1 Electrostatic charge, its origin and magnitude 
      • 3.3.2.2 Contact and zeta potentials of particles 
      • 3.3.2.3 Triboelectric charging 
      • 3.3.2.4 The triboelectric series 
      • 3.3.2.5 Charge relaxation in a powder
      • 3.3.2.6 Preparation of powders for charge measurement and storage 
      • 3.3.2.7 Charge measurement of powders 
      • 3.3.2.8 "Closed" Faraday cage for charge measurement 
      • 3.3.2.9 "Open" Faraday cage & ring probe methods 
      • 3.3.2.10 Charge measurement by particle mobility (electrostatic precipitation)
      • 3.3.2.11 Faraday cage method applied to fluidized beds and suspensions 
      • 3.3.2.12 Charge measurement on single particles 
      • 3.3.2.13 Bipolar charged suspensions 
    • 3.3.3 Measurement of Particle Force 
      • 3.3.3.1 Particle force equations 
      • 3.3.3.2 Particle force with ac fields 
      • 3.3.3.3 Force measurement 
      • 3.3.3.4 Agglomeration of particles 
      • 3.3.3.5 Particle diffusion
      • 3.3.3.6 Particle-wall drag 
      • 3.3.3.7 Atomic force measurement 
  • 3.4 Probes and Sensors 
    • 3.4.1 Capacitance Probes 
    • 3.4.2 Current Probes 
    • 3.4.3 Potential Probes 
    • 3.4.4 Resistance Probes 
    • 3.4.5 Particle Velocity Probes (Anemometers) and Sensors 
  • 3.5 Instrumentation
    • 3.5.1 Electrostatic Voltmeters, Fieldmeters, and Electrometers
      • 3.5.1.1 Contacting electrometer 
      • 3.5.1.2 Noncontacting fieldmeter and voltmeter 
      • 3.5.1.3 Contacting voltmeters 
  • 3.6. Other Measurements 
    • 3.6.1 Tomography
    • 3.6.2 Electrostatic Discharge 
    • 3.6.3 Ignition and Spark Breakdown Testing of Powders 
  • 3.7 Notations
• Index