Rozdział IV Uklady zasilania i stabilizacji
Chapter IV Power supplies and stablizers
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
Rozdział IV Uklady zasilania i stabilizacji
Chapter IV Power supplies and stablizers
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
V
1
C2
E+De
I
o
220 V
rms
+
-
V
2
n1 : n2
C2
Stabilizator
Stabilizer
or DC/DC
Concverter
Uo+Du
Prostownik dwu polowkowy
Full wave rectifier
Zasilanie , typowe rozwiazania
Power supply, typical solutions
Transformator
transformer
Masa potencial referencyjny « 0 » V
« ground » Reference potential « 0 » V
Bezpiecznik
fuse
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
Transformator
Transformer
V
2
Sprawność Power efficiency
h
V
1
I
2
I
1
R
2
R1
=
=n
= h
≈
= =n
R1=
=
/
=R
2
Przekładnia rapport n1 : n2
n1 : n2 = n
Transformator « transformuje » oporność n
2
razy
Transformers « transforms » resistivity n
2
times
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
V
1
C2
I
L
220 V
rms
+
-
V
2
n1 : n2 = n
C2
Uo+Du
Prostownik dwu polowkowy
Full wave rectifier
Zasilanie , typowe rozwiazania
Power supply, typical solutions
Transformator
transformer
Bezpiecznik
fuse
-V
2
0
V
V
U
sin
V
sin
V
)
(
V
sin
V
)
(
V
1
2
0
1
2
2
1
1
L
m
m
m
m
m
I
if
n
t
n
t
t
t
t
t
Uo
Rectified DC ouput tension
Du
U≈(V
2m
)
V
1
C2
220 V
rms
+
-
V
2
n1 : n2
I
L
U+Du
Inne popularne rozwiazanie: Prostownik (mostek) Graetz’a
Another popular solution : Graetz rectifier (bridge)
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
Eo+De
i
L
Stabilizer
Uo+Du
E
U
=
,
∆ =
∆ +
∆
∆ =
∆ −
∆
I
L
=cons, =>Di
L
=0
Eo
U=const =>DU=0
i
L
K=
=
R
Perfect stabilizer
K=0, Rs=0
h=1
Zone of stabilization
i
L
L
L
L
P
P
I
E
P
I
U
P
L
o
o
0
Sprawnosc Efficiency
small
Low?
Eo
Stabilizator Stabilizer
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
E+De,
U+Du
Rozwiazania stabilizatorow Solutions for stabilizers
U
z
R
L
U
Rs
I
L
Rs
•
Simplest, easy to realise, cheap
•
But : high power dissipated on Rs
•
power efficency h=10%
•
Used only for small I
L
( <100 ma)
•
E≈Uz
•
K=0,2
•
Rs=Rd
V
CE
V
BE
R
U
z
U+Du
R
L
I
L
E+De,
•
Medium power efficency h 20-30%
•
P
dissipated
=V
ce
x I
L
=(U-E) x I
L
•
Needs radiator I
L
•
E≈Uz+Ud
•
K=0,01
•
Rs ≈ 1 small
E+De
I
L
DC/DC Converter
with stabilisation
U+Du
R
•
High power efficency 80-90%%
•
E≈U x d, 0< d, <1
•
K=0,01
•
Rs ≈ 1 small
•
Mostly used in recent solutions
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics , Chapter IV Supply Systems
DC/ DC Converter ,
∆ =
8
(1 − )
•
Output tension E may be controlled by d
•
Diodes and
Transistor
operate in D class (swich on/off)
•
C an L are nearly loss less !
•
Power efficiency 90%,
100% if perfect diode and transistors
•
DE in not a function of I
L
and may be small as desired as
a function of L and C
•
Drawback: E<U
From Baranowski et al.
E
If R
L
< R
Lmax
and f
R
<<F
o
dT
T
U
C
E+DE
U
1
K
I
L
I
0
Low pass
loss less filter
H(f)
R
L
load
T
dT
U
1
(t)
f
0 f
R
Fo 2Fo 3Fo
FFT [U
1
(t)]
E
U
f
FFT
E
F
f
if
f
FFT
U
dy
t
U
T
U
mean
o
R
T
<<
)
0
(
)
0
(
)
(
1
)
(
0
1
1
LC
f
f
f
f
H
R
R
1
]
/
[
1
1
)
(
2
F
o
=1/T
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics , Chapter IV Supply Systems
DC/ DC Converter with transformer ,
dT
T
U
C
E+DE
U
1
K
I
L
I
0
Low pass
loss less filter
R
L
load
V
1
Advantages
• If n <1 => E<U
• If n>1 => E<U
• IF diodes are inverted, => E<0
• Separation of grounds
n1 : n2 = n
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
Eo+DE
Uo≈max(V
1
)=
308V !
DC/DC converter
Using transformer
Uo+DU
V
1
C2
220 V
rms
+
-
I
o
Rectifier without transformer => Simplest , chipest ,solution
0
Problems and solutions:
•
« ground level » is connected wit the ground level of 220V supply
=>security problem
=>special construction (plastic housing and transformer) etc are required
•
U=308 V is generally to high comparing with E ,
=> Uo-Eo too high =>classic stabilizer efficiency is small
=> Use of DC/DC converters
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics , Chapter IV Supply Systems
Uref=5V
T
d
U
d=f(Us)
E
G +
-
DC/DC
Car 12V => USB (5V, max 500 mA
12V
5 V
DC/DC konwerter ze stabilizacją DC/ DC
Converter with stabilizer DC/DC
In car: => Same ground
DC/DC without transformer, =>simpler
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
http://www.maximintegrated.com/
DC/DC
d
E
U
T
dT
d
DC/DC konwerter jako regulator predkosci silnika
DC/DC converter used as the motor driver
I
0
R
L
Motor acts as low pass filter
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
V
1
220 V
rms
Stabilizer or DC/DC
U1
Rectifier 1
Rectifier 2
-U1
U2
U3
-U3
U4
E1
E3
-E3
-E1
E2
E4
Stabilizer or DC/DC
Stabilizer or DC/DC
Stabilizer or DC/DC
Stabilizer or DC/DC
Stabilizer or DC/DC
Analog circuits
Digital « ground »
Analog
Digital circuits
Uklady zasilania schemat ogolny
Power supply , general scheme
B.Piwakowski Analog electronics ,
Chapter IV Supply Systems
Digital circuits
supply
Analog stabilized
Supply
Analog
pulsed circuits
supply
Digital
circuits
Analog
pulsed mode
circuits
C
Eo
L
Eo1 +
De(t)
Eo1
0 « ground »
Eo2
0
Eo3
0
Eo
or simply « blocking capacity”
C
Blocking low pass filters RLC
Supply block
V
1
220 V
rms
card
card
Ogolne uwagi dotyczace konstrukcji systemow zasilania
General recommendation for supply circuits design
•
Jeden punkt polaczenia wszystkich mas
One jonction for all grounds
•
Oddzielne zasilanie dla rożnego typu obwodów
Separate supplies for different circuits
especially for analog and digital
•
Filtry blokujące na wejściu każdej z kart
blocking filter at each card enter