Past Perfect, Past Perfect - budowa


Past Perfect - budowa

Czas Past Perfect to czas przeszły dokonany, nazywa się go także czasem zaprzeszłym, gdyż opisuje czynność, która dokonała się zanim rozpoczęła się inna czynność przeszła.

I realised I had left the briefcase at home.

Zdałem sobie sprawę, że zostawiłem aktówkę w domu
(czyli najpierw zostawiłem aktówkę w domu - potem zdałem sobie z tego sprawę)


Tworzenie zdań w Past Perfect jest dość proste, mimo że jest to czas złożony. Elementy tego czasu są następujące:

 podmiot + had + czasownik w III formie.*

* Do czasowników regularnych dodamy końcówkę - (e)d

Oto kilka przykładów zdań w tym czasie:

We hadn't met him until we came to Warsaw.

Nie znaliśmy go zanim nie przyjechaliśmy do Warszawy.

By the time we reached the cinema, the film had already started.

Kiedy dotarliśmy do kina film się już zaczął.

Before I met him, I had never been in a serious relationship.

Zanim go spotkałam, nigdy nie byłam w poważnym związku.

I was shocked when I found out that Derek and Gina had got divorced.

Byłam zszokowana, kiedy dowiedziałam się, że Derek i Gina rozwiedli się.

Pyaia tworzymy w standardowy sposób - zamieniamy miejscami podmiot z operatorem:

Had he finished the presentation before all the lights went out?

Czy on skończył prezentację zanim zgasły wszystkie światla?

Had she already watched the movie before he arrived home?

Czy ona obejrzała ten film zanim on dotarł do domu?

Had they learnt about the accident before the police called them?

Czy oni dowiedzieli się o wypadku przed tym jak policja do nich dzwoniła?


Przeczenie uzyskujemy wstawiając not

She hadn't thought about baking a cake so we had to buy some biscuits.

Ona nie pomyślała o upieczeniu ciasta więc musieliśmy kupić jakieś herbatniki.

He hadn't ridden a horse before so his first steps in the saddle were painful.

On wcześniej nie jeździł konno więc jego pierwsze kroki w siodle były bolesne.

The castle hadn't been inhabited for a long time so when the court arrived they had to sleep on the floor in the main hall.

Zamek nie był zamieszkany od dłuższego czasu, więc kiedy dwór przyjechał musieli spać na podłodze w głównej sali. (strona bierna)

Past Perfect opisuje czynność, która dokonała się zanim rozpoczęła się inna czynność przeszła.

When Tom arrived late at night, Sue had already gone to bed.

Kiedy Tom przyjechał późno w nocy, Sue już poszła spać.

Mum had cooked dinner before I came.

Mama ugotowała obiad zanim przyszedłem (więc był już gotowy i nie musiałem na niego czekać.)


Czas ten opisuje także czynność dokonaną przed określonym momentem w przeszłości.

By that time we had finished all our tasks.

Do tego czasu skończyliśmy wszystkie nasze zadania.

Had you been to France before the last trip?

Byłeś we Francji przed tą ostatnią wycieczką?


Past Perfect użyjemy także aby wyrazić zamiar, postanowienie, które nie doszło do skutku.

She had hoped to meet him finally.

Ona miała nadzieje, że go w końcu pozna. (ale go nie poznała)

They had really wanted to come on time.

Oni naprawdę chcieli przybyć punktualnie. (ale się nie udało)


W zdaniach warunkowych (III okres warunkowy)

If I had met you two years ago I wouldn't have married Mike.

Gdybym cię spotkała dwa lata temu, nie wyszłabym za Mike'a. (ale nie spotkałam)

She wouldn't have bought that house if she had known it was so ruined.

Nie kupiłaby tego domu, gdyby wiedziała, że jest taki zrujnowany. (ale nie wiedziała i teraz mieszka w ruderze)


Zdania z "wish", jeżeli życzenia dotyczą przeszłości.

I wish I had changed my job then.

Żałuję, że nie zmieniłem wtedy pracy.

She wishes she hadn't bought him this present.

Ona żałuje, że kupiła mu ten prezent.

 

Typowe słówka dla tego czasu to:

before

przed

after

po

by that time

do tego czasu

Polecenie: Put the verb into the correct form.

Początek formularza

  1. By the time I appeared at Bill's place, he 0x01 graphic
    already/get very drunk.

  2. Tom fell in love with me and wanted to marry me but I 0x01 graphic
    already/marry someone else.

  3. Helen 0x01 graphic
    visit Paris several times before so she was our guide there.

  4. My flat looked really nice because my daughter 0x01 graphic
    just/clean it.

  5. She was frightened as she 0x01 graphic
    never/dive in such deep water before.

  6. I felt awful because I 0x01 graphic
    eat far too much for lunch.

  7. Mary 0x01 graphic
    go to bed before her husband returned from his journey.

  8. I 0x01 graphic
    know about Tom's problems long before I spoke to him.

  9. By the time Jack climbed to the top of the mountain, we 0x01 graphic
    already/start going down.

  10. I told you that Mark 0x01 graphic
    take my money from the table before.

Polecenie: Make a question.

Początek formularza

  1. Peter had watched all movies before we arrived.

  1. He had served in the army for ten years.

  1. I had taken my children to the zoo many times before.

  1. By that time we had got your telegram.

  1. They had gone home when they turned up at the party.

  1. I had taught English for a year before I changed my job.

  1. Jane had attended various art classes before she became a painter.

  1. The show had started by the time we took our seats.

  1. Mark had become irritated by the time we reached the place.

  1. They had swum in the Red Sea before.

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using negatives.

Początek formularza

  1. Ann 0x01 graphic
    not/wear that dress until I told her it was very beautiful.

  2. I 0x01 graphic
    not/think about buying drinks so we went to the store to get them.

  3. The room still looked nice because Helen 0x01 graphic
    not/change the furniture.

  4. Tom was very nervous as he 0x01 graphic
    not/take such a difficult exam before.

  5. His English 0x01 graphic
    not/improve much until he went to London.

  6. I 0x01 graphic
    not/ask her that question before and I was a bit ashamed.

  7. Kevin told me that he 0x01 graphic
    not/date any girls before.

  8. I 0x01 graphic
    not/play bridge many times before so I was very bad at it.

  9. My friends were very excited because they 0x01 graphic
    not/travel by ferry before.

  10. Jane 0x01 graphic
    not/open the letter from Mick until I was home.

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using Past Perfect:

Początek formularza

  1. When we finally found his house, everyone 0x01 graphic
    already/leave for a club in town.

  2. 0x01 graphic
    the driver/talk to you or 0x01 graphic
    stay in his car before the police arrived?

  3. If I 0x01 graphic
    know you were ill, I would have visited you and brought you flowers.

  4. I was more than happy to see Tom again as I 0x01 graphic
    not/see him for ages.

  5. I'm sorry but I 0x01 graphic
    really/intend to be punctual for your show.

  6. She 0x01 graphic
    not/speak to Michael before because she was too shy to start a conversation.

  7. 0x01 graphic
    you/be in the National Museum before we went there last month?

  8. Tim wouldn't have fallen in love with her if she 0x01 graphic
    not/work at the same company with him.

  9. Do you wish you 0x01 graphic
    not/say all those nasty words to her?

  10. This was the first time I 0x01 graphic
    dance salsa in the night club.

Polecenie: Put the verb into the correct form.

Początek formularza

  1. When I arrived at the party, some guests 0x01 graphic
    already/leave.

  2. My wife 0x01 graphic
    do all her work before I got home after the meeting.

  3. I didn't want to go to London because I 0x01 graphic
    be there many times before.

  4. By the time we came back home, my children 0x01 graphic
    already/make a huge mess.

  5. Natalie and I 0x01 graphic
    finish our lunch before the restaurant closed.

  6. After she 0x01 graphic
    pass her exams, she went on holiday with her friends.

  7. By the time we reached the theatre, the play 0x01 graphic
    already/begin.

  8. She said she 0x01 graphic
    see the Monet exhibition in Paris before.

  9. When they joined us at the cafe, I 0x01 graphic
    already/drink my coffee.

  10. John 0x01 graphic
    play poker many times before so he was very confident of winning.

Polecenie: Make a question.

Początek formularza

  1. She had been to America before.

  1. We had left the party before Sue came.

  1. I had found a new job before they fired me.

  1. They had hired many people by that time.

  1. She had disappeared by the time we turned up.

  1. Susan had spent all her money before I arrived.

  1. I had worked in the same kind of company before.

  1. They had completed their tasks before their boss returned.

  1. John had driven a sports car before I did it.

  1. She had written many novels by that time.

Dół formularza

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using negatives.

Początek formularza

  1. I 0x01 graphic
    not/fly in such a fast plane before so I was really excited.

  2. Joe 0x01 graphic
    not/see the woman who came in the office before.

  3. The house was dirty because we 0x01 graphic
    not/clean it for weeks.

  4. I was starving because I 0x01 graphic
    not/have anything to eat since morning.

  5. Mike 0x01 graphic
    not/ride a horse before so he was a bit nervous.

  6. I 0x01 graphic
    not/do any work until my colleague came and helped me.

  7. Kate 0x01 graphic
    not/buy a new flat until she inherited some money.

  8. My brother was furious because he 0x01 graphic
    not/expect such bad weather.

  9. I 0x01 graphic
    not/draw such a good picture for a long time so I was really proud of myself.

  10. My mother 0x01 graphic
    not/bake that kind of cake before but it tasted very good.

Polecenie: Complete the sentences using Past Perfect:

Początek formularza

  1. Jenny was very depressed because she 0x01 graphic
    fail her exam and she had to resit it in September.

  2. She 0x01 graphic
    not/close her eyes until I lied down next to her and hugged her.

  3. By the time Jack decided to speak to her, she 0x01 graphic
    already/become bored and she 0x01 graphic
    go home.

  4. I admitted that I 0x01 graphic
    live in England in the past and that I 0x01 graphic
    meet my future wife there.

  5. When Kate and Joe reached the airport, the plane to Asia 0x01 graphic
    already/take off.

  6. It was raining when we went out and we were angry because we 0x01 graphic
    forget to take our umbrellas.

  7. 0x01 graphic
    Michael/try to kiss you or 0x01 graphic
    he/be rude to you before I came?

  8. I didn't have to pack my bag because my wife 0x01 graphic
    do it for me before.

  9. I wish I 0x01 graphic
    study foreign languages when I was young.

  10. We 0x01 graphic
    not/like her at all until we invited her to our party and she turned out to be a very nice girl.Dół formularza

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