NORTHERN HIGHLANDS

15 century - Orkney and Shetland given to Scotland as a dowry (posag) when Scottish prince married Norwegian princess.

13 century - Hebrides are Scottish (after battles).

IMPORTANT:

Tourism (ski)

John O'Groats

John Knox

Loch Ness

Ben Nevis

INDUSTRY

Mountains:

1. Whisky production (important industry). Whisky is produced from barley and water.

2. Agriculture - cattle and sheep.

Coast:

1. Fishing (main fishing port: Oban)

HIGHLAND GAMES - From May to September. Different events in different parts of Scotland (in about 100 places).

1. Braemar /breima:/ - important place, because Highland Games are watched by the royal family and the Queen when she spends holidays in Balmoral Castle (private house of the Queen)

2. Typical sports of Highland Games

• Tug-of-war - pulling line

• Curling

• Hammer throw

• Tossing the caber (rzut kłodą)

• Angling (wędkarstwo)

• Dances: highland fling, sword dance

CENTRAL LOWLANDS

EDINBURGH (capital) - center of government, administration, finances, culture.

Historical buildings:

1. Edinburgh Castle - royal family lived there before 1603 (when James VI became King of England). Queen doesn't stay in this castle.

2. Street: Royal Mile

3. (The Palace) of Holyroodhouse - when Queen comes to Edinburgh she stays in this palace. This is official residence of the Queen.

4. 9 Hills around Edinburgh - Arthur's Seat (one of them) is extinct volcano.

GLASGOW - one of the largest industrial cities in UK. Not that much on the coast, but it is connected to the sea by River Clyde (Glasgow Harbour on the River). Shipbuilding, ship repairing, heavy industry. They tried to encourage tourists to Glasgow, but it didn't work.

Buildings:

1. Burn's Cottage - Robert Burns, Scottish national poet. He was a peasant and lived in cottage.

ABERDEEN - port town. Oil fields on North Sea.

LAKE - Loch Lomond - largest lake in Scotland.

KULTURA - ĆWICZENIA - 28.10.2011

SHETLAND ISLANDS 15 century

1. Dowry (part of marriage agreement)

2. Populated long ago 3000 B.C. (Picts)

3. Scandinavian traces (till 18 century - language: norse)

4. Some laws, names, castles are still Scandinavian

5. Castle from 16 cent. At that time whole island was occupied by pirates

ORKNEY - 15 century

1. Largest Island: Mainland

2. Orkney Broch - massive Iron Age structures, nobody knows who built it. Nickname: Egypt of the North

3. Rare plants

HEBRIDES - 13 century

1. Won by military conflict

2. Monolithic cultures

3. Monuments from prehistory, mummies

4. Celtic culture

5. Christianity which came to Scotland, came through the islands

6. Celtic Catholicism (monasteries-centers of education, no hierarchy)

7. College when Scottish Gaelic is learnt

8. National Trust. One of the islands were once private, now it belongs to National Trust - organization which protects things for future generation (castles, national parks etc.)

9. Iona - island where St. Columbus came and converted pagan people

10. Celtic cross (cross with circle). Circle was very important element in Celtic culture, used in calendar etc.

11. OCCUPATION:

• Fishing

• Keeping sheep and cattle (material: tweed)

• Touristic: Mull (islands are different, because there are still traces of Celtic, Scandinavian times, different cuisine, names, culture, way of living, so it is interesting for tourists).

KULTURA - ĆWICZENIA - 21.10.2011

---