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DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
I am doing I was doing
`I am working in my father's office', she said.
She said she was working in her father office.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
I have done I had done
`I have lived in the country all my life', the old man told me.
The old man told me (that) he had lived in the country all his life.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
I have been doing I had been doing
Simple Past Past Perfect
I did I had done
`Classes started last week', the director explained.
The director explained that classes had started the week before.
will would
`I'll cook supper', she said.
She said she would cook supper.
can could
`I can count up to one hundred', said Jenny.
Jenny said she could count up to one hundred.
must had to
`You must change the verb form', the teacher explained.
The teacher explained that we had to change the verb form.
Następstwo czasów nie ma miejsca, gdy:
w zdaniu występuje prawda oczywista
`Caterpillars turn into butterflies', the teacher explained.
The teacher told us that caterpillars turn into butterflies.
w zdaniu występują czasowniki modalne: would, could, might, ought to, should, had to
`You ought to tell him what you think of him,' she said.
She said I ought to tell him what I think of him.
I might not be able to stay for long,' she said.
She said she might not be able to stay for long.
`I think he must be ill,' she said.
She said she thought he must be ill.
zdanie jest w czasie Past Perfect
`He had been missing for several months,' she said.
She said he had been missing for several months.
the next day, the day after, the following day
the day before, the previous day
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