Epidemiology and

Prevention of Viral

Hepatitis A to E:

Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus

Division of Viral Hepatitis

HBsAg

RNA



antigen

Hepatitis D (Delta) Virus

Low

HDV Prevalence

High

Intermedi
ate

Very Low

No
Data

Taiwan

Pacific Islands

Geographic Distribution of HDV

Infection

•

Coinfection with HBV

–

severe acute disease

–

low risk of chronic infection

•

Superinfection on top of chronic

HBV

–

usually develop chronic HDV infection

–

high risk of severe chronic liver disease

Hepatitis D - Clinical Features

HBV – HDV

Coinfection

Typical Serological

Course

Time after Exposure

Anti-HBs

Symptoms

ALT Elevated

Total anti-HDV

IgM anti-HDV

HDV RNA

HBsAg

T

it

e

r

HBV – HDV Super-infection

Typical Serological Course

Jaundice

Symptom

s

ALT

Total anti-HDV

IgM anti-HDV

HDV RNA

HBsAg

T

it

e

r

Time after Exposure

•

Percutanous

exposures



injecting drug use

•

Permucosal
exposures



sex contact

Hepatitis D Virus

Modes of Transmission

•

HBV-HDV Coinfection

–

Pre or postexposure prophylaxis to

prevent HBV infection (HBIG and/or

Hepatitis B vaccine)

•

HBV-HDV Superinfection

–

Education to reduce risk behaviors
among persons with chronic HBV
infection

Hepatitis D - Prevention