VII - 1

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VII - 2

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Wprowadzenie ..........................................................................................................................3

System przetargów ofertowych ...............................................................................................3

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Modelowy proces przeprowadzania konkursu ofert.............................................................7

Zawarcie porozumienia w sprawie finansowania projektu ...............................................7

Wybór konsultanta technicznego ......................................................................................7

Przygotowanie ostatecznego projektu ...............................................................................7

Powiadamianie potencjalnych oferentów..........................................................................8

Kwalifikowanie oferentów ..............................................................................................10

Dokumenty przetargowe .................................................................................................10

Warunki kontraktu...........................................................................................................13

Zabezpieczenia w procedurze przetargowej....................................................................16

Formularz kontraktowy ...................................................................................................16

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Zmiana warunków oferty ......................................................................................................22

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Zakupy negocjowane..............................................................................................................26

Transakcje specjalne ..............................................................................................................27

VII - 3

=$23$75=(1,( =:, =$1( = 32=<6.,:$1,(0

7(&+12/2*,,

Wprowadzenie

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VII - 4

Oferentom ]H]ZDOD VL

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VII - 5

zaopatrzeniowych instytucja PR*H X]QDü ]D NRQLHF]QH ]DWUXGQLHQLH NRQVXOWDQWD OXE
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Przygotowania do przetargu

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VII - 6

Selektywne konkursy ofert (przetargi ograniczone)

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]D]Z\F]DM GR PQLHMV]HM OLF]E\ Z\EUDQ\FK GRVWDZFyZ OXE F]DVDPL

GR SRMHG\QF]HJR

GRVWDZF\ Z\EUDQHJR QD SRGVWDZLH NU\WHULyZ WHFKQRORJLF]Q\FK =DNXS\ ]DRSDWU]HQLRZH ]
SRMHG\QF]HJR (UyGáD WM ]DRSDWU\ZDQLH VL SR]D U\QNLHP NRQNXUHQF\MQ\P MHVW X]DVDGQLRQH L
ZáD FLZH SRG QDVW SXM F\PL ZDUXQNDPL

•

MH*HOL WRZDU\ PDM FH VWDQRZLü SU]HGPLRW ]DNXSX V

]H VZHM QDWXU\ F]\M

ZáDVQR FL L

PRJ E\ü RWU]\PDQH W\ONR ] MHGQHJR (UyGáD

•

MH*HOL Z\NRQDZFD RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\ ]D EXGRZ ]DNáDGX SU]HWZyUF]HJR GRNRQXMH ]DNXSX
MHGQHM

V]WXNL

OXE

ZL NV]HM

OLF]E\

V]WXN

NOXF]RZHJR

Z\SRVD*HQLD

RG

Z\VSHFMDOL]RZDQHJR GRVWDZF\

WUDNWXM F WR MDNR ZDUXQHN JZDUDQFML GRW\F] FHM

SUDZLGáRZHJR IXQNFMRQRZDQLD ]DNáDGX

•

MH*HOL NRU]\VWDQLH ]H VWDQGDUGRZHJR Z\SRVD*HQLD L F] FL ]DPLHQQ\FK PR*H X]DVDGQLDü
]DNXS\ GRGDWNRZ\FK SR]\FML RG WHJR VDPHJR GRVWDZF\ MDNR F] FL GRGDWNRZHM OXE Z
FHOX ]ZL NV]HQLD ]DSDVX F] FL ]DPLHQQ\FK GRVWDUF]DQ\FK SU]H] WHJR VDPHJR GRVWDZF

•

Z Z\M WNRZ\FK SU]\SDGNDFK Z\PDJDM F\FK V]\ENLHM OXE QDW\FKPLDVWRZHM GRVWDZ\
NLHG\ NRV]WRZQLHMV]H GRVWDZ\ PRJ ]DSRELHF ]QDF]QLH Z\*V]\P VWUDWRP Z\QLNDM F\FK
] SU]HVWRMX Z SUDF\ ]DNáDGX

•

MH*HOL Z\NRQDZFD MHVW MX* Z WUDNFLH Z\NRQ\ZDQLD GX*HJR SU]HGVL Z]L FLD ]Z\NOH
EXGRZ\ Z UDPDFK UREyW SXEOLF]Q\FK L ]RVWDMH ]DSURV]RQ\ GR QHJRFMDFML Z VSUDZLH
]DPyZLHQLD QD Z\NRQDQLH GDOV]\FK UREyW Z W\P VDP\P UHMRQLH

: RGQLHVLHQLX GR ]DNXSyZ ] MHGQHJR (UyGáD LQZHVWRURZL OXE NXSXM FHPX SU]\VáXJXMH SUDZR
GR QHJRFMRZDQLD ] MHG\Q\P RIHUHQWHP OXE ] Z\EUDQ\P RIHUHQWHP D* GR FKZLOL X]JRGQLHQLD
ZV]\VWNLFK ZDUXQNyZ NRQWUDNWX

.XSXM F\ ]DVWU]HJD VRELH WDN*H SUDZR ZVWU]\PDQLD

QHJRFMDFML Z ND*G\P LFK SXQNFLH L UR]SRF] FLD QHJRFMDFML ] LQQ\FK Z\EUDQ\P RIHUHQWHP

VII - 7

3RQLHZD* ]Z\NOH PR*OLZH MHVW SU]HSURZDG]HQLH NRQNXUVX RIHUW OXE SU]HWDUJX RIHUWRZHJR
SURFHGXUD WD U]DGNR VSHáQLD Z\PRJL VWDZLDQH SU]H] PL G]\QDURGRZH LQVW\WXFMH ILQDQVRZH
NWyUH Z\PDJDM UyZQ\FK V]DQV GOD ZV]\VWNLFK RIHUHQWyZ ]H VZRLFK SD VWZ F]áRQNRZVNLFK

Negocjowane zakupy zaopatrzeniowe

1HJRFMRZDQH ]DNXS\ ]DRSDWU]HQLRZH PRJ PLHü PLHMVFD JG\ SURMHNW MHVW ILQDQVRZDQ\ ]
IXQGXV]\ LQZHVWRUD SU]H] ORNDOQ\ EDQN OXE ] ORNDOQ\FK IXQGXV]\ UR]ZRMRZ\FK DOER WH* ]
]DJUDQLF]Q\FK SR*\F]HN LQQ\FK QL* XG]LHODQH SU]H] PL G]\QDURGRZH IXQGXV]H UR]ZRMRZH
QLH Z\PDJDM FH SU]HSURZDG]DQLD IRUPDOQHM SURFHGXU\ SU]HWDUJRZHM 3RQLHZD* Z SU]\SDGNX
]DNXSyZ QHJRFMRZDQ\FK QLH PD PLHMVFD NRQNXUV RIHUW VWDQGDUGRZH SRVW SRZDQLH REHMPXMH
QRUPDOQLH VWRVRZDQH SURFHGXU\ UR]H]QDQLD U\QNX ]GRE\ZDQLD RIHUW SURZDG]HQLD UR]PyZ
SU]HJO GDQLD L RFHQ\ RIHUW QHJRFMDFML L ]DZLHUDQLD NRQWUDNWX :L FHM XZDJ QD WHPDW WHJR
VSRVREX ]DNXSyZ ]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK ]DPLHV]F]RQR Z NR FRZHM F] FL WHJR PRGXáX

Modelowy proces przeprowadzania konkursu ofert

-DN MX* ]DXZD*RQR V\VWHP ,&% VWDQRZL QDMSRZV]HFKQLHM VWRVRZDQ

PHWRG

]DNXSyZ

]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK Z SU]\SDGNX SURMHNWyZ R GX*HM VNDOL

: QLQLHMV]\P UR]G]LDOH

SU]HGVWDZLRQR NROHMQH NURNL L HOHPHQW\ VNáDGDM FH VL QD SU]HSURZDG]HQLH NRQNXUVX RIHUW

Zawarcie porozumienia w sprawie finansowania projektu

: FHOX VILQDQVRZDQLD ND*GHJR ZL NV]HJR SURMHNWX NRQLHF]QH MHVW X]\VNDQLH NUHG\WX 7DN
ZL F LQZHVWRU PXVL ]DZU]Hü XPRZ

GRW\F] F

SU]\]QDQLD PX SR*\F]NL OXE NUHG\WX

6WRVRZQ\ NRQWUDNW PR*H E\ü ]DZDUW\ DOER ] PL G]\QDURGRZ LQVW\WXFM ILQDQVXM F

DOER FR

]GDU]D VL

F] FLHM ] NUDMRZ\P EDQNLHP XG]LHODM F\P NUHG\WX Z FHOX VILQDQVRZDQLD

SURMHNWyZ

UR]ZRMRZ\FK

Z

UDPDFK

SR*\F]HN

JZDUDQWRZDQ\FK

SU]H]

LQVW\WXFM

PL G]\QDURGRZ

Wybór konsultanta technicznego

: SU]\SDGNX GX*HJR L OXE EDUG]LHM ]áR*RQHJR SURMHNWX ]D]Z\F]DM SU]\JRWRZDQLH
RVWDWHF]QHJR SURMHNWX IDEU\NL L MHM Z\SRVD*HQLD RUD] GRNXPHQWyZ SU]HWDUJRZ\FK MHVW ]OHFDQH
ILUPLH NRQVXOWDQWyZ WHFKQLF]Q\FK 6NRU]\VWDQLH ] SRPRF\ NRQVXOWDQWD MHVW ]DOHFDQH UyZQLH*
Z SU]\SDGNX SURMHNWyZ GRW\F] F\FK QRZ\FK L OXE PDáR ]QDQ\FK WHFKQRORJLL

,QVW\WXFMH

SR*\F]NRZH

ILQDQVXM FH

SURMHNW

PRJ

VWDZLDü

VSHF\ILF]QH

Z\PDJDQLD

NRQWUDNWRZH WDNLH MDN ZF]H QLHMV]H ]DWZLHUG]HQLH SU]H] QLH NUyWNLHJR Z\ND]X EUDQ\FK SRG
XZDJ

NRQVXOWDQWyZ WHFKQLF]Q\FK RUD] ZDUXQNyZ

MDNLP SRZLQQL RQL RGSRZLDGDü

L

NU\WHULyZ RFHQ\ SU]HG RVWDWHF]Q\P Z\ERUHP

Przygotowanie ostatecznego projektu

,QZHVWRU ]DNXSXM F\ WHFKQRORJL

WRZDU\ XVáXJL L OXE URERW\ PXVL RSUDFRZDü RVWDWHF]Q\

SURMHNW GOD ND*GHM ] W\FK SR]\FML : SU]\SDGNDFK JG\ SURMHNW GRW\F]\ VWRVXQNRZR SURVWHM
WHFKQRORJLL OXE MH*HOL WHFKQRORJLD ]QDMGXMH VL

MX* Z SRVLDGDQLX LQZHVWRUD PR*H RQ

RSUDFRZDü RVWDWHF]Q\ SURMHNW Z VSRVyE QLH]DOH*Q\ SRG ZDUXQNLHP *H G\VSRQXMH QLH]E GQ
]QDMRPR FL

WHPDWX -H*HOL EUDN PX WDNLFK XPLHM WQR FL Z V]F]HJyOQR FL Z SU]\SDGNX

VII - 8

SURMHNWyZ GX*\FK OXE VNRPSOLNRZDQ\FK

LQZHVWRU PR*H VNRQVXOWRZDü VL

] ILUP

SURMHNWRZ

: QLHNWyU\FK SU]\SDGNDFK LQZHVWRU PR*H Zá F]\ü VSRU] G]HQLH RVWDWHF]QHJR

SURMHNWX

WHFKQLF]QHJR

GR

SURSRQRZDQHJR

SDNLHWX

]DNXSyZ

]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK

L

]DSRF] WNRZDü NRQNXUV RIHUW QD EXGRZ

NRPSOHWQHM IDEU\NL MDNR SRMHG\QF]\ SDNLHW

$OWHUQDW\Z PR*H E\ü RGU EQ\ SU]HWDUJ QD RSUDFRZDQLH SURMHNWX WHFKQLF]QHJR RUJDQL]RZDQ\
]DQLP MHV]F]H QDVW SL ]DSURV]HQLH GR VNáDGDQLD RIHUW QD SR]RVWDá F] ü SURMHNWX 6\WXDFMD
WDND SRZRGXMH *H LQZHVWRU PD GR Z\ERUX GZLH PR*OLZR FL

•

SLHUZV] RSFM VWDQRZL ZVW SQD OXE RVWDWHF]QD DQDOL]D PR*OLZR FL UHDOL]DFML SURMHNWX Z
FHOX Z\EUDQLD ZáD FLZHM WHFKQRORJLL Z\EUDQ WHFKQRORJL QDVW SQLH Z\PLHQLD VL Z
GRNXPHQWDFK SU]HWDUJRZ\FK MDNR RERZL ]NRZ\ HOHPHQW VNáDGDQ\FK RIHUW

•

opcja druga polega na pozostawieniu oferentom swobody, gdy chodzi o zaoferowanie
VZ\FK ZáDVQ\FK WHFKQRORJLL L Z\ND]DQLX LFK RGSRZLHGQLFK ]DOHW Z WDNLP SU]\SDGNX
LQZHVWRU Z\V]F]HJyOQLD Z\PDJDQH SDUDPHWU\ MDNR FLRZH L LOR FLRZH D RIHUW\ GRW\F]
GRVWDUF]HQLD NRPSOHWQHM IDEU\NL SRG ZDUXQNLHP ZF]H QLHMV]HJR LFK ]DWZLHUG]HQLD
SU]H] LQVW\WXFM XG]LHODM F SR*\F]NL

2IHUHQWRP PR*QD SU]\]QDü SUDZR GR VNáDGDQLD RIHUW QD GRVWDZ WHFKQRORJLL DOWHUQDW\ZQ\FK
R FHFKDFK RSLVDQ\FK SU]H] LQZHVWRUD -H*HOL Z WHQ VSRVyE GRFKRG]L GR Z\ERUX QRZHM
WHFKQRORJLL LQVW\WXFMD SR*\F]NRZD ]Z\NOH * GD UR]SLVDQLD QRZHJR SU]HWDUJX Z RSDUFLX R W
QRZ

WHFKQRORJL

WDN E\ XPR*OLZLü ZV]\VWNLP RIHUHQWRP SU]\JRWRZDQLH QRZ\FK RIHUW

7DNLH ]DSURV]HQLH GR SRQRZQHJR ]áR*HQLD RIHUW VWRVRZDQH MHVW W\ONR Z SU]\SDGNDFK JG\
RF]HNXMH VL

RIHUW QD NRQNUHWQ

WHFKQRORJL

DOH QLH Z SU]\SDGNDFK JG\ Z\PDJDQLD

GRW\F] FH WHFKQRORJLL QLH ]RVWDá\ VSUHF\]RZDQH

-H*HOL SU]HWDUJL GRW\F]

RIHUW QD GRVWDZ

NRPSOHWQHM IDEU\NL OXE SURMHNWX ÄSRG NOXF]´

LQZHVWRU SRZLQLHQ XQLNDü SXEOLNRZDQLD ]E\W V]F]HJyáRZHM VSHF\ILNDFML =DPLDVW WHJR QDOH*\
UDF]HM SU]HSURZDG]Lü NRQNXUV RIHUW Z GZyFK HWDSDFK : SLHUZV]\P HWDSLH LQZHVWRU RFHQLD
RIHUW\ SRG Z]JO GHP WHFKQLF]Q\P 3R SRUyZQDQLX RIHUW QLH ]DZLHUDM F\FK MHV]F]H FHQ SRG
N WHP WHFKQLF]Q\P QDVW SXMH RWZDUFLH NRSHUW ] SRGDQ\PL FHQDPL

-H*HOL ]DZDUWR ü

WHFKQLF]QD ]RVWDMH ]PLHQLRQD

WR QDOH*\ VWZRU]\ü ZV]\VWNLP RIHUHQWRP PR*OLZR ü

RGSRZLHGQLHJR GRVWRVRZDQLD VZ\FK RIHUW

: FHOX ]DRV]F] G]HQLD F]DVX GRUDG]D VL

SU]\JRWRZ\ZDQLH GRNXPHQWyZ SU]HWDUJRZ\FK

SRGF]DV RSUDFRZ\ZDQLD RVWDWHF]QHJR SURMHNWX OXE SU]HSURZDG]DQLH DQDOL]\ PR*OLZR FL
UHDOL]DFML SURMHNWX

Powiadamianie potencjalnych oferentów

3R VSRU] G]HQLX RSLVX SURMHNWX L SU]\JRWRZDQLX GRNXPHQWyZ SU]HWDUJRZ\FK SU]\V]OL
RIHUHQFL PXV] E\ü SRZLDGRPLHQL *H RF]HNXMH VL RG QLFK ]áR*HQLD RIHUW 3RZLDGRPLHQLH
WDNLH QDVW SXMH ]Z\NOH Z IRUPLH RJáRV]HQLD =DPLHV]F]DM F RJáRV]HQLH XZ]JO GQLD VL WU]\
F]\QQLNL WHUPLQ\ PLHMVFH RJáRV]HQLD L MHJR WUH ü

=DPLHV]F]HQLH RJáRV]HQLD Z RGSRZLHGQLP WHUPLQLH PD ]DVDGQLF]H ]QDF]HQLH GOD SRZRG]HQLD
SURFHGXU\ SU]HWDUJRZHM 8ZD*D VL

*

H SRZLDGRPLHQLH QDVW SXMH ZH ZáD FLZ\P F]DVLH MH*HOL

SRMDZLD VL RQR RNRáR

GQL SU]H] SXEOLF]Q\P XGRVW SQLHQLHP GRNXPHQWyZ SU]HWDUJRZ\FK

&HOHP Z\GDQLD RJáRV]HQLD MHVW VWZRU]HQLH UyZQ\FK V]DQV ZV]\VWNLP RIHUHQWRP PDM F\P
RGSRZLHGQLH NZDOLILNDFMH

VII - 9

2IHUHQWyZ PR*QD SRZLDGDPLDü NRU]\VWDM F ] QDVW SXM F\FK URGNyZ NRPXQLNRZDQLD VL

•

NUDMRZHM JD]HW\ XU] GRZHM

•

ORNDOQ\FK OXE RJyOQRNUDMRZ\FK G]LHQQLNyZ SUDVRZ\FK

Z M ]\NDFK QDURGRZ\FK

L REF\FK

•

dzienników zagranicznych wydawanych w QDMF] FLHM X*\ZDQ\FK M ]\NDFK Z V]F]H
JyOQR FL Z G]LHQQLNDFK R ]DVL JX PL G]\QDURGRZ\P

•

czasopism technicznych,

•

publikacji handlowych,

•

]D SR UHGQLFWZHP DPEDVDG L SU]HGVWDZLFLHOVWZ KDQGORZ\FK G]LDáDM F\FK Z NUDMX
LQZHVWRUD

•

EH]SR UHGQLHJR SRZLDGDPLDQLD GRVWDZFyZ OXE Z\NRQDZFyZ

•

oficjalnych WDEOLF RJáRV]HQLRZ\FK Z JáyZQHM VLHG]LELH LQZHVWRUD RUD] Z DPEDVDGDFK
MHJR NUDMX QD ZLHFLH

2GSRZLHGQLD

NRPELQDFMD

W\FK

URGNyZ

]Z\NOH

]DSHZQLD

Z\VWDUF]DM F\

]DVL J

SRZLDGDPLDQLD 1LHNWyUH ] PL G]\QDURGRZ\FK LQVW\WXFML SR*\F]NRZ\FK PRJ PLHü ZáDVQH
Z\PDJDQLD GRW\F] FH VSRVREX SRZLDGDPLDQLD RIHUHQWyZ %DQN

ZLDWRZ\ Z\PDJD QD

SU]\NáDG E\ ]DWZLHUG]RQH SU]H] EDQN RJyOQH ]DZLDGRPLHQLH R ]DNXSDFK ]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK
E\áR RSXEOLNRZDQH FR QDMPQLHM Z Ä'HYHORSPHQW )RUXP´ SXEOLNDFML UR]V\áDQHM SU]H] 21=

%H]SR UHGQLH SRZLDGRPLHQLH SRWHQFMDOQ\FK GRVWDZFyZ SU]\QRVL EDUG]R GREUH HIHNW\ DOH
QLHVLH ]H VRE

U\]\NR RVNDU*H

R UR]P\ OQH SRPLMDQLH L IDZRU\]RZDQLH

1DWRPLDVW

RJáRV]HQLD Z G]LHQQLNDFK L SHULRG\NDFK PRJ E\ü EDUG]R GURJLH L SRFL JDü ]D VRE Z\GDWNL
Z REF\FK ZDOXWDFK ,QZHVWRURP QLH G\VSRQXM F\P RGSRZLHGQLP GR ZLDGF]HQLHP F] VWR
RSáDFD VL

Z\QDM ü Z\VSHFMDOL]RZDQ

DJHQFM

UHNODPRZ

E\ ]DM áD VL

SRZLDGRPLHQLHP

SRWHQFMDOQ\FK RIHUHQWyZ

-DN Z\ND]XMH GR ZLDGF]HQLH SRZLDGRPLHQLH ]DZLHUDM FH MDN QDMZL FHM LQIRUPDFML Z\ZRáXM
V]HURN UHDNFM

2JáRV]HQLH OXE SRZLDGRPLHQLH SRZLQQR E\ü ]ZL ]áH OHF] ERJDWH Z WUH ü

LQIRUPDF\MQ L SRZLQQR ]DZLHUDü GDQH GRW\F] FH

•

QD]Z\ RUJDQL]DFML Z\VW SXM FHM ] RJáRV]HQLHP

•

FHOX RJáRV]HQLD R SU]HWDUJX F]\ VáX*\ RQR ZVW SQHPX Z\áRQLHQLX RIHUHQWyZ F]\
X]\VNDQLX RG QLFK RIHUW"

•

krótkiego opisu przedmiotu przetargu, np. towarów, robót do wykonania,

•

terminu dostawy lub wykonania,

•

DGUHVX PLHMVFD L WHUPLQX Z NWyU\P PR*QD X]\VNDü GRNXPHQW\ SU]HWDUJRZH

•

FHQ\ GRNXPHQWyZ L VSRVREX UHDOL]DFML SáDWQR FL

•

GDW\ JRG]LQ\ L PLHMVFD VNáDGDQLD RIHUW

•

NZRW\ L IRUP\ ZDGLXP SU]HWDUJRZHJR ]DEH]SLHF]HQLD RIHUWRZHJR

MH*HOL MHVW RQR

Z\PDJDQH

•

NU\WHULyZ NZDOLILNDF\MQ\FK GOD RIHUHQWyZ MH*HOL WDNLH V VWDZLDQH

•

(

UyGáD ILQDQVRZDQLD SURMHNWX

: SU]\SDGNX ZL NV]\FK SURMHNWyZ NRU]\VWQH VNXWNL SU]\QRVL SRá F]HQLH RJáRV]H
GRW\F] F\FK Uy*Q\FK SDNLHWyZ ]DNXSyZ ]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK QDZHW MH*HOL RVWDWHF]QH WHUPLQ\
VNáDGDQLD RIHUW V Uy*QH

VII - 10

Kwalifikowanie oferentów

Celem procedury przetargowej jest wybór technologii, towDUyZ XVáXJ L OXE UREyW QDMEDUG]LHM
RGSRZLHGQLFK GOD LQZHVWRUD

=áR*HQLH ]DPyZLHQLD X RIHUHQWD

NWyU\ QLH G\VSRQXMH

QLH]E GQ\P GR ZLDGF]HQLHP XPLHM WQR FLDPL L OXE NWyUHJR NRQG\FMD ILQDQVRZD MHVW ]E\W
VáDED E\ PyF VL

Z\ZL ]Dü ]H VZ\FK ]RERZL ]D

QDUD*D LQZHVWRUD QD ZLHONLH U\]\NR

'ODWHJR WH* LQZHVWRU PXVL VL

XSHZQLü FR GR NRPSHWHQFML SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK RIHUHQWyZ Z

V]F]HJyOQR FL Z SU]\SDGNX SURMHNWyZ R ZLHONLHM VNDOL L EDUG]R NRV]WRZQ\FK 7DNLH URGNL
RVWUR*QR FL PRJ E\ü SU]HGVL EUDQH SU]HG SU]HWDUJLHP NZDOLILNDFMD ZVW SQD

OXE SR MHJR

]DNR F]HQLX NZDOLILNDFMD ex post).

.ZDOLILNDFMD ZVW SQD R]QDF]D SRVW SRZDQLH Z NWyU\P OLF]ED RIHUHQWyZ ]RVWDMH RJUDQLF]RQD
GR W\FK NWyU]\ VSHáQLDM RNUH ORQH NU\WHULD -HVW RQD RGSRZLHGQLD ]ZáDV]F]D Z RGQLHVLHQLX
GR SURMHNWyZ ZL NV]\FK L EDUG]LHM VNRPSOLNRZDQ\FK 1DMF] FLHM WR LQVW\WXFMD SR*\F]NRZD
RNUH OD F]\ NZDOLILNDFMD ZVW SQD MHVW Z\PDJDQD .ZDOLILNDFMD WDND SR]ZDOD WDN*H QD
XVWDOHQLH F]\ Z\NRQDZFD NZDOLILNXMH VL GR SU]\]QDQLD PX NUDMRZ\FK SUHIHUHQFML MH*HOL V
RQH GR]ZRORQH 3RQLHZD* RSUDFRZDQLH RIHUW\ MHVW ]D]Z\F]DM NRV]WRZQH NZDOLILNDFMD
ZVW SQD RV]F] G]D W\FK NRV]WyZ RIHUHQWRP Z\á F]RQ\P ] SU]HWDUJX = FKZLO ]DNR F]HQLD
NZDOLILNDFML ZVW SQHM ]DNZDOLILNRZDQ\P RIHUHQWRP SRZLQQ\ ]RVWDü Z\GDQH GRNXPHQW\
przetargowe. Kwalifikacja ex post natomiast XPR*OLZLD

]áR*HQLH RIHUW

ZV]\VWNLP

]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\P VWURQRP

= NROHL QDVW SXMH Z\VHOHNFMRQRZDQLH GZyFK OXE WU]HFK

QDMWD V]\FK RIHUHQWyZ VWDUDQQH VSUDZG]HQLH LFK NZDOLILNDFML Z FHOX XSHZQLHQLD VL FR GR LFK
PR*OLZR FL ]UHDOL]RZDQLD SURMHNWX Z VSRVyE NRPSHWHQWQ\ RUD] ]áR*HQLH ]DPyZLHQLD ]
XZ]JO GQLHQLHP HOHPHQWyZ FHQ\ L NZDOLILNDFML

.ZDOLILNDFMD ZVW SQD VWDQRZL RSFM

SR* GDQ

SRQLHZD* VNXWHF]QLHM SU]\FL JD RQD

GR ZLDGF]RQH ILUP\ GR XF]HVWQLFWZD Z SU]HWDUJX UyZQRF]H QLH ]QLHFK FDM F WH PQLHM
NRPSHWHQWQH

=DOHW

NZDOLILNDFML SU]HSURZDG]DQHM ex post jest szeroki wachlarz ofert

XPR*OLZLDM F\ Z\EyU VSR UyG ZL NV]HM OLF]E\ NRQNXUHQWyZ

Dokumenty przetargowe

'RNXPHQW\ SU]HWDUJRZH SRZLQQ\ GRVWDUF]Dü ZV]HONLFK LQIRUPDFML QLH]E GQ\FK GR
SU]\JRWRZDQLD RIHUW\ QD GRVWDZ L Z\NRQDQLH RNUH ORQ\FK Z QLFK WRZDUyZ XVáXJ L UREyW
0LPR *H V]F]HJyáRZR ü L ]áR*RQR ü GRNXPHQWyZ MHVW Uy*QD Z ]DOH*QR FL RG UR]PLDUyZ L
URG]DMX SDNLHWyZ WR ]Z\NOH ]DZLHUDM RQH QDVW SXM FH HOHPHQW\

•

zaproszHQLH GR VNáDGDQLD RIHUW

•

instrukcje dla oferentów,

•

formularz oferty,

•

KDUPRQRJUDP GRW\F] F\ UHDOL]DFML Z\PDJD

•

DUNXV] SRGVXPRZXM F\ ]DJDGQLHQLD WHFKQLF]QH

•

DUNXV] SRGVXPRZXM F\ ]DJDGQLHQLD KDQGORZH ZUD] ] Z\V]F]HJyOQLHQLHP HOHPHQWyZ FHQ\

•

formularz kontraktu,

•

ogólne warunki kontraktu,

•

specjalne warunki kontraktu,

•

specyfikacje techniczne,

•

Z\ND] WRZDUyZ OXE ]HVWDZLHQLH LOR FL

•

rysunki,

•

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•

IRUPXODU] R ZLDGF]HQLD R SU]\M FLX SU]H] RIHUHQWD ZDUXQNyZ SU]HWDUJX

VII - 11

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L

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]DNXS\

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VWRVRZDQLD VL GR ]DZDUW\FK Z QLFK ZVND]yZHN

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Z\ND]Dü RVWUR*QR ü

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SRZLQQ\ E\ü RQH Z VSRVyE EH]SR UHGQL NRSLRZDQH .D*G\ SURMHNW MHVW MHG\Q\ Z VZRLP
URG]DMX L VáX*\ UHDOL]DFML RNUH ORQHJR FHOX 1LHPQLHM QDOH*\ SU]HDQDOL]RZDü VIRUPXáRZDQLD
VWRVRZDQH Z GRNXPHQWDFK SU]\NáDGRZ\FK E\ XSHZQLü VL

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•

krótki opis i miejsce realizacji projektu,

•

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•

wykaz dokumentów przetargowych,

•

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]DPLDU RGELRUF\ XF]HVWQLF]HQLD Z]JO GQLH UH]\JQDFM ] XF]HVWQLFWZD Z SU]HWDUJX

•

odniesienie do wszelkich istotnych wymogów, np. wniesienia zabezpieczenia
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•

LQIRUPDFM R GDFLH JRG]LQLH PLHMVFX L VSRVRELH VNáDGDQLD RIHUW

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E G]LH MHGQR F]\ GZXHWDSRZD

VII - 12

,QZHVWRU PR*H * GDü ]D GRVWDUF]HQLH GRNXPHQWyZ SU]HWDUJRZ\FK ZQLHVLHQLD RSáDW\ Z
XPLDUNRZDQHM L UR]V GQHM Z\VRNR FL

Instrukcje dla oferentów

Instrukcje dla oferentów (Instructions to Bidders ITB) RNUH ODM

]DVDG\ NRQNXUVX RIHUW

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%\ WR RVL JQ ü

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RIHUHQWyZ QDOH*\ ]DFK FDü GR REHMU]HQLD PLHMVFD ORNDOL]DFML IDEU\NL

VII - 13

•

QDOH*\ ]H]ZROLü QD WZRU]HQLH MRLQW YHQWXUH ] PLHMVFRZ

ILUP

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•

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Ceny

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Warunki kontraktu

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VWUXNWXU

NRQWUDNWX Z NWyUHM VWDQGDUGRZH NODX]XOH L ZDUXQNL V SRGDQH Z ZDUXQNDFK RJyOQ\FK

Ogólne warunki kontraktu

: RJyOQ\FK ZDUXQNDFK NRQWUDNWX RNUH OD VL

Z VSRVyE V]F]HJyáRZ\ ZV]\VWNLH SRGOHJDM FH

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Gwarancje

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VII - 14

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ZDUWR FL SDUDPHWUyZ WHFKQLF]Q\FK L LQQ\FK ZVND(QLNyZ VSUDZQR FL XU] G]H

PDM F\FK

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: NODX]XODFK W\FK

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Transport i ubezpieczenie

: SU]\M WHM RJyOQLH SUDNW\FH XZ]JO GQLD VL

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warunków handlu, znanych ogólnie jako INCOTERMS.

*

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9

VII - 15

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9

VII - 16

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VII - 17

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VII - 18

Badanie i ocena ofert

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VII - 19

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konkurowania na podstawie takiej zmienionej specyfikacji.

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RFHQ\ QDOH*\ Z\NRU]\VWDü LQQH EDUG]LHM VXELHNW\ZQH PHWRG\ &] VWR GR FHOyZ WDNLHM RFHQ\ L
SRUyZQDQLD VWRVXMH VL V\VWHP SXQNWyZ SU]\]QDZDQ\FK SRV]F]HJyOQ\P RIHUWRP : V\VWHPLH
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ZDJ SURFHQWRZ\FK NWyU\FK á F]QD VXPD Z\QRVL

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Z VWRVXQNX GR ZV]\VWNLFK FHFK WHFKQLF]Q\FK L LQQ\FK NU\WHULyZ RFHQ\ 1D W\P HWDSLH
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1RW W PR*QD

*

Podano za: International Law Institute, International Contracting and Procurement for Development Projetcs,

Wahington, D.V, Georgetown, University Law Center.

VII - 20

QDVW SQLH VNRUHORZDü ] FHQ RIHUWRZ SU]H] SRG]LHOHQLH SRGGDQHM RFHQLH FHQ\ VNRU\JRZDQHM
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LOR ü SXQNWyZ

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WM QDMQL*V]D FHQD X]\VNXMH QDMZL FHM SXQNWyZ =Z\FL ]F MHVW Z WDNLP SU]\SDGNX RIHUWD
X]\VNXM FD QDMZ\*V] á F]Q OLF]E SXQNWyZ

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Z\ND]LH Z]JO GQLH ]GXEORZDQLD QLHNWyU\FK NU\WHULyZ .D*GHPX ] NU\WHULyZ MHVW QDVW SQLH
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VII - 21

ZVSyOQLH RPDZLDM

WHVWXM L ZSURZDG]DM SRSUDZNL GR VLDWNL D QDVW SQLH QDGDM MHM NV]WDáW

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Przyznanie zamówienia

.XSXM F\ SRZLDGDPLD ]Z\FL VNLHJR RIHUHQWD

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Pakiet kontraktowy

1D NRQWUDNW VNáDGDM VL ZV]HONLH GRNXPHQW\ SRZVWDM FH Z WUDNFLH SURFHGXU\ SU]HWDUJRZHM
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VII - 22

Zmiana warunków oferty

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•

FHQD OXE SáDWQR ü U\F]DáWRZD

VII - 23

•

szacowanie ceny jednostkowej,

•

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NXSRZDQ\FK QD PLHMVFX

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FHQD GRVWDZ E G]LH PRJáD E\ü RNUH ORQD GRNáDGQLHM

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Szacowanie ceny jednostkowej

Ustalenie cen jednostkowych stanowi praktyczny sposób ograniczenia ryzyka po stronie
Z\NRQDZF\ : V\VWHPLH W\P FHQ\ X]JDGQLDQH V Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR QLHNWyU\FK MHGQRVWHN
VáX* F\FK

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Z\NRQDQHM

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V]H FLHQQ\FK

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EHWRQX

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SRQLHZD* MHJR ]\VNL URVQ ZUD] ] ND*G MHGQRVWN XM W Z UR]OLF]HQLX

URGNLHP VWRVRZDQ\P

VII - 24

do ograniczania takiej praktyki jest oszacowanie w odpowiedni sposób, oczekiwanej liczby
MHGQRVWHN D Z ]ZL ]NX ] W\P L SR UHGQLH MHM RJUDQLF]HQLH .RQWUDNW SRZLQLHQ SU]HZLG\ZDü
]DVWRVRZDQLH

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NRQWUROL

OLF]E\

MHGQRVWHN

SU]\MPRZDQ\FK

GR

UR]OLF]HQLD

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MDN MHVW áDWZR ü MHJR ]DVWRVRZDQLD Z

RGQLHVLHQLX GR PLHMVFRZ\FK GRVWDZ WRZDUyZ L XVáXJ

System „koszty – plus”

: NRQWUDNWDFK ] SáDWQR FL SROHJDM F QD UHIXQGDFML SRQRV]RQ\FK NRV]WyZ Z\NRQDZFD MHVW
XSUDZQLRQ\ GR ]ZURWX Z WUDNFLH UHDOL]DFML SURMHNWX QD SRGVWDZLH IDNWXU XZ]JO GQLDM F\FK
UyZQLH* MHJR RGSRZLHGQL ZF]H QLHM X]JRGQLRQ\ ]\VN ZV]\VWNLFK Z\GDWNyZ SRQRV]RQ\FK Z
]ZL ]NX ] Z\NRQ\ZDQLHP NRQWUDNWX

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XVWDOHQLD FHQ QD QL*V]\P SR]LRPLH

Kontrakty „koszty - plus - XVWDORQD RSáDWD´

W kontraktach „koszty - plus - XVWDORQD RSáDWD´ Z\NRQDZFD Z\VWDZLD LQZHVWRURZL UDFKXQHN
REHMPXM F\ ZV]\VWNLH MHJR Z\GDWNL SRQLHVLRQH Z WUDNFLH Z\NRQ\ZDQLD NRQWUDNWX L
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]\VN Z\NRQDZF\ :DULDQW WHQ MHVW VWRVRZDQ\ QDMF] FLHM Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR SURMHNWyZ R
SLOQ\P FKDUDNWHU]H NLHG\ WR FDá\ KDUPRQRJUDP QLH PR*H ]RVWDü XVWDORQ\ SU]HG UR]SRF] FLHP
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Kontrakty „koszty-plus - PDU*D ]\VNX´

Metoda „koszty – SOXV PDU*D ]\VNX´ MHVW SU]\SXV]F]DOQLH ZDULDQWHP QDMSRZV]HFKQLHM
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SRQLHVLRQH SRGF]DV Z\NRQ\ZDQLD NRQWUDNWX

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SURFHQWRZR

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Z\NRQDZFD

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]Z\F]DMRZR XVWDOD VL

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ÄNODX]XOL R Z\SRZLHG]HQLX NRQWUDNWX´ Z SU]\SDGNX SU]HNURF]HQLD PLHV]F] FHJR VL

Z

JUDQLFDFK UR]V GNX WHUPLQX Z\NRQDQLD MHGQDN ]DVW SLHQLH GRW\FKF]DVRZHJR Z\NRQDZF\
QRZ\P VWDZLD LQZHVWRUD Z QLH]U F]QHM V\WXDFML

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X]\VNDQH SU]H]

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V ]ZUDFDQH LQZHVWRURZL

VII - 25

'R ZLDGF]HQLH Z\ND]XMH *H LQZHVWRU Z V]F]HJyOQR FL ] NUDMX UR]ZLMDM FHJR VL

SRZLQLHQ

XQLNDü NRQWUDNWyZ W\SX ÄNRV]W ± SOXV´ -H*HOL PXVL RQ E\ü ]DVWRVRZDQ\ WR NRU]\VWDQLH ]
QLHJR QDOH*\ RJUDQLF]\ü GR V\WXDFML Z NWyU\FK XVWDOHQLH RVWDWHF]Q\FK NRV]WyZ REDUF]RQH MHVW
HOHPHQWHP QLHSHZQR FL

1DZHW MHGQDN Z WDNLFK SU]\SDGNDFK QDOH*\ SU]HZLG]LHü

SRVWDQRZLHQLD GRW\F] FH ]PLDQ\ QD V\VWHP U\F]DáWRZ\ SRSU]H] ZSURZDG]HQLH NODX]XO
]DFK FDM F\FK FR SURZDG]L GR ]DVWRVRZDQLD V\VWHPX K\EU\GRZHJR

Kontrakty hybrydowe

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SURMHNWyZ UR]SRF]\QD VL VWRVXM F Z\FHQ QD ]DVDGDFK ÄNRV]W\ ± SOXV´ L NRU]\VWDü ] QLHJR Z
SU]\SDGNX GRVWDWHF]QLH GRNáDGQHJR RV]DFRZDQLD NRV]WyZ REHMPXM F\FK DQDOL]\ ZVW SQH
SRGVWDZRZH SURMHNWRZDQLH V]NROHQLH SRPRF WHFKQLF]Q

LWS 3R Z\NRQDQLX RVWDWHF]QHJR

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ORVyZ LQZHVW\FML

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U\F]DáWRZ\FK

.ROHMQ\ ZDULDQW SU]HZLGXMH XVWDQRZLHQLH Z NRQWUDNFLH ÄNRV]W ± SOXV´ SXáDSX FHQRZHJR
NWyUHJR QLH ZROQR SU]HNURF]\ü 3UDNW\F]QLH NRQWUDNW WDNL QDELHUD FKDUDNWHUX NRQWUDNW\
U\F]DáWRZHJR 3R RVL JQL FLX XVWDORQHJR SXáDSX ZV]\VWNLH Z\GDWNL SRQRVL Z\NRQDZFD
NWyUHJR Z\QDJURG]HQLH RVL JD QDMZ\*V]\ SR]LRP Z FKZLOL RVL JQL FLD SXáDSX D SR MHJR
SU]HNURF]HQLX VSDGD QLH]DOH*QLH RG SRZVWDM F\FK NRV]WyZ GRGDWNRZ\FK

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V\VWHPX U\F]DáWRZHJR

Wycena motywacyjna

3RGHMPXMH VL

ZLHOH VWDUD

PDM F\FK QD FHOX ZSURZDG]HQLH ]DFK W ]ZL ]DQ\FK ]

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NRQWUDNFLH 3U]\MPXMH VL

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ZSá\ZDM QHJDW\ZQLH QD SR]LRP ]\VNyZ ]ZL ]DQ\FK ] UHDOL]DFM SURMHNWX 3U]\MPXMH VL
WDN*H *H V\WXDFM PyJáE\ SRSUDZLü RGSRZLHGQL V\VWHP QDJUDG]DQLD L NDUDQLD Z\NRQDZF\

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Ustalone cele

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0

) plus

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0

UyZQDM VL RJyOQHM ZDUWR FL NZRW ]ZUDFDQ\FK 7

0

(=PC

0 +

F

0

).

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:VSyáF]\QQLNL XG]LDáX

: RGQLHVLHQLX GR ND*GHJR ] FHOyZ XVWDQDZLD VL ZVSyáF]\QQLN XG]LDáX -HGQ ]H ]PLHQQ\FK
NRQWUDNWX PyJáE\ E\ü NRV]W SURMHNWX 1DOH*\ XVWDOLü *H Z SU]\SDGNX JG\ X]\VNDQ\ NRV]W

VII - 26

RVL JQL FLD FHOX 3& Uy*QL VL RG NRV]WX RVL JQL FLD FHOX 3&

0

WR ZVSyáF]\QQLN XG]LDáX ;

=

E G]LH RNUH ODá F] ü Uy*QLF\ &

0

– & NWyUD ]RVWDQLH GRGDQD GR ]DSáDW\ ]D

RVL JQL FLH FHOX )

0

E\ RNUH OLü Z\VRNR ü U]HF]\ZLVWHM ]DSáDW\ ) &

0

– C) X = F – F

0

'RV\ü

F] VWR ]DPLDVW ZVSyáF]\QQLND XG]LDáX VWRVRZDQD MHVW VWRSD XG]LDáX QS

OXE

RGQLHVLRQD GR &

: MHGQ\P ] ZDULDQWyZ WHM PHWRG\ ]GHILQLRZDQR GZD Uy*QH ZVSyáF]\QQLNL XG]LDáX MHGHQ GOD
SU]\SDGNX SU]HNURF]HQLD NRV]WyZ

NWyUHJR FHOHP MHVW XNDUDQLH Z\NRQDZF\

D GUXJL

GRW\F] F\ NRV]WyZ NV]WDáWXM F\FK VL

SRQL*HM ]DNáDGDQHJR NRV]WX RVL JQL FLD FHOX NWyU\

QDJUDG]D Z\NRQDZF

6\VWHP ]DFK FDM F\ PR*QD X]XSHáQLü XVWDQDZLDM F JyUQ L OXE GROQ JUDQLF

SR]D NWyU QLH

PD ]DVWRVRZDQLD ]DVDGD XG]LDáX ,QQH PHWRG\ WHJR URG]DMX Z\FHQ\ RSLVDQR JG]LH LQG]LHM

*

:H ZVSRPQLDQ\P DUW\NXOH SRGDQR ZL FHM V]F]HJyáyZ QD WHPDW ZVSRPQLDQ\FK Z\*HM PHWRG
RPDZLDM F QS IXQNFMH SRG]LDáX RSáDW

E G F

]DFK W

SU]\ XVWDORQHM FHQLH RUD] RSáDW\

]DFK FDM FH Z V\VWHPLH ÄNRV]W\

SOXV´ %XUW VXJHUXMH WDN*H V\VWHP NU\WHULyZ GR GRNRQDQLD

Z\ERUX QDMRGSRZLHGQLHMV]HJR V\VWHP\ Z\FHQ\ NWyU\ X]DOH*QLRQ\ MHVW RG ZLHOX FHFK
SURMHNWX WDNLFK MDN MHJR ZDUWR ü FDáNRZLWD QLHSHZQR ü FR GR PR*OLZR FL Z\FHQ\ NRV]WyZ
RUD] ]GROQR FL PHQHG*HUVNLH LQZHVWRUD

Zakupy negocjowane

Sformalizowany system przetargowy nie jest jedynym sposobem wykorzystania konkurencji
w celu uzyskania jak najkorzystniejszych warunków podczas zakupów zaopatrzeniowych.
=DPLDVW QLHJR LQZHVWRU]\ PRJ VWDUDü VL SR]\VNDü WRZDU\ L XVáXJL SURZDG] F EH]SR UHGQLH
QHJRFMDFMH ] GRVWDZFDPL

0HWRGD QHJRFMRZDQLD RIHUW QLH Z\PDJD VWRVRZDQLD IRUPDOQHM SURFHGXU\ SU]HWDUJRZHM DQL
RSUDFRZ\ZDQLD MDNLFKNROZLHN Z\PDJDQ\FK IRUPDOQLH GRNXPHQWyZ SU]HWDUJRZ\FK 0R*H
RQD ]DSHZQLü U]HF]\ZLVW

NRQNXUHQFM

XNLHUXQNRZDQ

QD NOXF]RZH SXQNW\ OXE DVSHNW\

SURMHNWX OXE WHFKQRORJLL 3RWHQFMDOQL GRVWDZF\ PRJ

E\ü ]DSUDV]DQL GR EH]SR UHGQLFK

QHJRFMDFML FR MHVW VWDQRZF]R ]DEURQLRQH Z V\VWHPLH VIRUPDOL]RZDQHJR SU]HWDUJX

: FHOX ZáD FLZHJR SU]\JRWRZDQLD ]DNXSyZ QHJRFMRZDQ\FK GRUDG]D VL

SR]\VNDQLH MDN

QDMZL NV]HM OLF]E\ RIHUW 1LH PD *DGQ\FK SU]HV]NyG Z NRQWDNWRZDQLX VL

LQZHVWRUD ]

SRWHQFMDOQ\PL GRVWDZFDPL

NWyU\FK WHFKQRORJLH RFHQLá RQ MDNR RGSRZLDGDM FHJR MHJR

SRWU]HERP ,QZHVWRU PR*H SURZDG]Lü QHJRFMDFMH ] ZL FHM QL* MHGQ\P RIHUHQWHP D QDZHW ]H
ZV]\VWNLPL RGSRZLHGQLPL RIHUHQWDPL Z FHOX RNUH OHQLD ]DNUHVX Z MDNLP PRJ RQL Z\NRQDü
SRSUDZNL Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR VáDE\FK SXQNWyZ VZRLFK WHFKQRORJLL QS ZDUWR ü JZDUDQFML
QDOH*\WHJR Z\NRQDQLD OXE GR ZDUXQNyZ KDQGORZ\FK WDN E\ ]DVSRNRLü SRWU]HE\ LQZHVWRUD
.RQWUDNW ]RVWDMH ]DZDUW\ ] W\P GRVWDZF

NWyU\ SRWUDIL XF]\QLü WR QDMOHSLHM

:\NRU]\VWXM F NRQNXUHQFM

PR*QD MHGQDN SRVXQ ü VL

]D GDOHNR :\ZLHUDM F ]E\W GX*\

QDFLVN QD RIHUHQWyZ L SU]HNUDF]DM F UR]V GQH JUDQLFH LQZHVWRU U\]\NXMH *H QLHNWyU]\ ]
NRQNXUHQWyZ ]DDNFHSWXM ZDUXQNL NWyU\FK QLH E G Z VWDQLH VSHáQLü WR VWZDU]D V\WXDFM

Z

NWyUHM QLNW QLH VNRU]\VWD

*

Zob. np. D.N.Burt, „Getting the right price with the right contract”, The Management Review, vol. 65, No. 5

(maj 1978).

VII - 27

,QQ

ZFDOH QLH QDMPQLHM ZD*Q

]DOHW WHM PHWRG\ MHVW MHM SURVWRWD .RQWUDNW QHJRFMRZDQ\

VNáDGD VL ] SRMHG\QF]HJR GRNXPHQWX ] ]Dá F]QLNDPL D QLH FDáHM VHULL ]KLHUDUFKL]RZDQ\FK
GRNXPHQWyZ RNUH ODM F\FK SRVWDZ\ LQWHUSUHWDFML L RNUH ODQLD ]QDF]HQLD QLHXQLNQLRQ\FK
UR]ELH*QR FL

Transakcje specjalne

=DNXS\ ]DRSDWU]HQLRZH Z\NRQXMH VL QLHNLHG\ Z UDPDFK X]JRGQLH VSHFMDOQ\FK 0RJ E\ü
QLPL SRUR]XPLHQLD EDUWHURZH Z NWyU\FK NXSXM F\ SáDFL QLH SLHQL G]PL DOH ZF]H QLHM
SU]\JRWRZDQ\PL DUW\NXáDPL

NWyU\FK NXSXM F\ SRWU]HEXMH GOD VLHELH

OXE NWyUH PR*H

VSU]HGDü -HGQDN WDNLH WUDQVDNFMH EDUWHURZH VWDQRZL ]DZV]H NRPELQDFM GZyFK X]JRGQLH
WM XPRZ\ VSU]HGD*\ L XPRZ\ NXSQD , WDN ZáD QLH PDM E\ü RQH WUDNWRZDQH 1DOH*\ GEDü R
WR E\ RE\GZLH XPRZ\ E\á\ SRG ND*G\P Z]JO GHP VSUDZLHGOLZH

: SU]\SDGNX LQQHM VSHFMDOQHM IRUP\ ]DNXSyZ ]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK GRVWDZFD WHFKQRORJLL ]JDG]D
VL NXSRZDü SURGXNW\ Z\WZRU]RQH SU]H] OLFHQFMRELRUF SU]H] RNUH ORQ LOR ü ODW =DOHW WDNLHM
WUDQVDNFML GOD OLFHQFMRELRUF\ MHVW UHDOQH ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH OLFHQFMRGDZF\ MDNR FL SURGXNWX -HVW
WR Z LVWRFLH NROHMQD JZDUDQFMD Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR WHFKQRORJLL , Z W\P SU]\SDGNX WUDQVDNFMD
PXVL E\ü UR]XPLDQD MDNR GZD RGG]LHOQH X]JRGQLHQLD

] NWyU\FK ND*GH PXVL E\ü

VSUDZLHGOLZH :\PDJD VL

RG QLHM ZáD FLZHJR SRWUDNWRZDQLD VSUDZ\ FHQ\ SURGXNWX

ZSURZDG]HQLD MDVQ\FK SRVWDQRZLH

GRW\F] F\FK RNUHVRZ\FK QS FRURF]Q\FK ]PLDQ FHQ

SU]HSURZDG]DQ\FK

QD

X]JRGQLRQHM

SRGVWDZLH

RUD]

ZáD FLZ\FK

SRVWDQRZLH

]DEH]SLHF]DM F\FK LQWHUHV\ RE\GZX VWURQ

%UDN WX PLHMVFD QD RPyZLHQLH V]F]HJyáyZ Z\VW SXM F\FK Z WHJR URG]DMX WUDQVDNFMDFK
1LH]DOH*QLH MHGQDN RG V]F]HJyOQ\FK FHFK WHJR URG]DMX WUDQVDNFML ZV]\VWNLH RQH VWDQRZL
IRUP

]DRSDWU]HQLRZ\FK ]DNXSyZ NRQWUDNWRZ\FK 3RQLHZD* V\VWHP SU]HWDUJRZ\ VWDQRZL

EDUG]R V]F]HJyOQ IRUP XVWDQDZLDQLD SRZL ]D NRQWUDNWRZ\FK WR QLH LVWQLHMH SU]\QDMPQLHM
FR GR ]DVDG\ RJyOQHM

*

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